GI #5 Flashcards
(54 cards)
Treatment for Ascites
- Sodium restriction
- Spironolactone
What is a Bezoar?
- Solid mass of indigestible material that accumulates in the digestive tract sometimes causing blockage.
- Typically forms in the stomach or sometimes the small intestines.
- Can occur in children and adults
What diagnostic is used to confirm a bezoar?
Endoscopy
What chemical agents help dissolve a bezoar?
Cola or cellulase
What is Budd-Chiari Syndrome?
Hepatic Venous Outflow obstruction leading to decreased liver drainage with subsequent portal HTN and cirrhosis
Budd-Chiari Syndrome is the MCC of
portal HTN in children
Symptoms of Budd-Chiari Syndrome
-Ascites, Hepatomegaly, RUQ abdominal pain
Initial screening of choice for Budd-Chiari Syndrome
-US
However, gold standard for Budd-Chiari syndrome is
Venography
May present with hematemesis, tachycardia, difficulty breathing.
Can be a complication of procedures such as EGD
-Esophagus Perforation
Clinical intervention for Ileus
- Needs NPO and have NG tube placed
- Electrolyte and fluid replacement
- Treat underlying cause
For Malnutrition, what is the clinical intervention?
- If due to anorexia nervosa
- -1) hospitalization required for < 75% expected weight
- -2) CBT
- -3) Supervised meals, weight monitoring
- -4) SSRI’s, atypical antipsychotics
How to manage an overdose of ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
-Block alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol or fomepizole
How to manage organophosphates (insecticides) poisoning?
Atropine and Oxime therapy (Pralidoxime)
What is short bowel syndrome?
Body unable to absorb enough nutrients from foods you eat because you don’t have enough small intestine
Short Bowel Syndrome occurs after
Surgery to correct things such as cancer, Crohn’s disease, intussception
Clinical intervention for short bowel syndrome
- Often initially fed by TPN (total parenteral nutrition)
- Fluid and electrolyte replacement
- Provide small frequent meals and slowly advance the diet as tolerated
Explain the conversion of alcohol in the body
-Alcohol broken down into acetylaldehyde and then into acetic acid radicals
For Vitamin K deficiency, what would you expect the labs to be
Prolonged PT (INR > 3.5)
- Normal fibrinogen
- Normal platelets
Symptoms of Hepatitis A
- Spiking fever
- Jaundice
- Hepatomegaly
- May be asymptomatic
How to diagnose Hepatitis A
- LFT: elevated ALT, AST, bilirubin
- Acute: IgM anti-HAV
How to prevent Hepatitis A
-Handwashing and improved sanitation has greatest impact to reduce transmission
Postexposure Prophylaxis for Hepatitis A
- If healthy: HAV vaccine
- If immunocompromised: HAV vaccine + HAV immunoglobulin
Hepatitis E has the highest mortality due to
fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy (third trimester)
