EENT #3

Question 1

MCC of nasal polyps

Answer 1

Allergic rhinitis

Question 2

What do nasal polyps look like?

Answer 2

Pale boggy mass on nasal mucosa

Question 3

Treatment of choice for nasal polyps

Answer 3

Intranasal glucocorticoids

Question 4

With neonatal hearing loss, if not identified before _____, may get delays in speech and language.

Answer 4

6 months

Question 5

How to screen newborns for hearing loss

Answer 5

-Auditory brain stem response (ABR)

Question 6

What is optic neuritis?

Answer 6

Acute inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve

Question 7

Causes of optic neuritis

Answer 7

Ethambutol

MS

Question 8

Symptoms of optic neuritis

Answer 8

Painful loss of vision
Decrease in color vision
Central scotoma
Unilateral
Ocular pain worse with movement

Question 9

With optic neuritis, what is a Marcus-Gunn Pupil?

Answer 9

During swinging light flashlight test from the unaffected eye into the affected eye, the pupils seem to dilate

Question 10

Treatment for Optic Neuritis

Answer 10

IV Methylprednisolone

Question 11

Oral Lichen Planus is associated with

Answer 11

Hepatitis C infection

Question 12

Appearance of oral lichen planus

Answer 12

-lacy, reticular (Wickham Striae)

Question 13

Treatment for oral lichen planus

Answer 13

Local glucocorticoids (Clobetasol, Betamethasone)

Question 14

Symptoms of orbital cellulitis

Answer 14

• Ocular pain with movement
• Ophthalmoplegia (EOM muscle weakness)
• Proptosis
• Eyelid edema

Question 15

Diagnostic of choice for Orbital Cellulitis

Answer 15

-High resolution CT scan

Question 16

Treatment for Orbital Cellulitis

Answer 16

Admission + IV Antibiotics (Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone)

Question 17

MCC of Otitis Externa

Answer 17

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 18

Otitis Externa is also called

Answer 18

Swimmer’s Ear

Question 19

Symptoms of Otitis Externa

Answer 19

• Ear pain, pruritus, discharge, pain on traction of ear canal/tragus
• Purulent discharge

Question 20

Treatment for otitis externa

Answer 20

• Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone, Ofloxacin

- Protect ear against moisture (alcohol, remove debris and cerumen)

Question 21

Mastoiditis is a complication of

Answer 21

Acute otitis media

Question 22

Symptoms of mastoiditis

Answer 22

• Deep ear pain (worse at night), fever, Mastoid tenderness, edema, erythema
• Protrusion of auricle

Question 23

Diagnostic for mastoiditis

Answer 23

CT scan with contrast

Question 24

Treatment for mastoiditis

Answer 24

• IV Vanco + Ceftazidime

- Middle ear or mastoid drainage (Myringotomy)

Question 25

What differentiates preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis from orbital (septal) cellulitis?

Answer 25

-Absence of proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and ocular pain with EOM movements

Question 26

Treatment for periorbital cellulitis

Answer 26

- Outpatient management if > 1 year old | - MRSA coverage: oral Clindamycin

Question 27

Risk factors for retinal detachment

Answer 27

- Myopia - Previous cataract surgery - Age - Trauma

Question 28

MC type of retinal detachment

Answer 28

Rhegmatogenous: separation from choroid plexus

Question 29

Symptoms of retinal detachment

Answer 29

- Photopsia (flashing lights) - Floaters - Unilateral peripheral vision loss: shadow or curtain coming down - No ocular pain or redness

Question 30

Diagnostic for retinal detachment

Answer 30

-Fundoscopy: Positive Shafer Sign: clumping of brown-colored pigment vitreous cells in anterior vitreous humor like "tobacco dust"

Question 31

Treatment for retinal detachment

Answer 31

- Emergency! - Keep patient supine, head turned toward side of detachment - Laser or ocular surgery

Question 32

Risk factors for Pterygium

Answer 32

- UV exposure in sunny climates | - Sand, wind, dust exposure

Question 33

Symptoms of Pterygium

Answer 33

-Elevated, triangular-shaped growing fibrovascular mass starts medially and extends laterally

Question 34

Treatment for pterygium

Answer 34

- Observation | - Removal if affects vision

Question 35

Common etiology of peritonsillar abscess

Answer 35

-Group A Strep (S. Pyogenes)

Question 36

Symptoms of peritonsillar abscess

Answer 36

- Muffled "hot potato" voice - Drooling - Trismus (lockjaw) - Swollen or fluctuant tonsil - Uvula deviation to contralateral side

Question 37

Diagnostics for peritonsillar abscess

Answer 37

-CT scan

Question 38

Treatment for peritonsillar abscess

Answer 38

- Needle aspiration, incision and drainage | - Augmentin or Clindamycin Oral ABX

Question 39

Most retinoblastoma are diagnosed before what age?

Answer 39

3 years old

Question 40

Retinoblastoma is associated with what gene mutation

Answer 40

Mutation in RB1 gene on chromosome 13

Question 41

Symptoms of retinoblastoma

Answer 41

- Leukocoria (abnormal white reflex instead of red reflex) | - Nystagmus or Strabismus

Question 42

MCC of Sialadenitis

Answer 42

S. Aureus

Question 43

Symptoms of Sialadenitis

Answer 43

- Sudden onset of tender gland swelling with purulent discharge, pus if the duct is massaged - Dysphagia - Trismus - Fever and chills if severe

Question 44

Diagnostics for sialadenitis

Answer 44

-CT scan

Question 45

Treatment for Sialadenitis

Answer 45

- Sialagogues | - Dicloxacillin or Nafcillin, Clindamycin

Question 46

Sialolithiasis (Salivary Gland Stones) are MC in where?

Answer 46

Wharton's Duct (Submandibular gland) or Stensen's Duct

Question 47

Symptoms of Sialolithiasis

Answer 47

Sudden onset of salivary gland pain and swelling with eating or in anticipation of eating -Stone may be palpated in salivary gland

Question 48

Treatment for Salivary Gland Stones

Answer 48

Sialagogues, hard candy, lemon drops | -Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Clindamycin if severe (Staph)