EENT #2 Flashcards
(56 cards)
Symptoms of blepharitis
-Crusting, scaling, and red-rimming of the eyelid and flaking of the eyelashes or lid margins
Treatment for blepharitis
-Eyelid hygiene is the mainstay of treatment
Blepharitis is common in _____ and _____
Down’s Syndrome and Eczema
MC etiology of central retinal artery occlusion
-Emboli from carotid artery atherosclerosis
Symptoms of CRAO
- Acute, sudden painless monocular vision loss
- May have ipsilateral carotid bruit
Fundoscopy is used to diagnose a CRAO. What is seen on exam?
- Pale retina with cherry red macula
- Boxcar appearance of retinal vessels
Symptoms of cerumen impaction
- Conductive hearing loss (lateralization to affected ear on Weber)
- Bone conduction > air conduction
Treatment of cerumen impaction
-Hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide
What is a cholesteatma
-Abnormal keratinized collection of desquamated squamous epithelium in the middle ear that can lead to bony erosion of the mastoid
Symptoms of cholesteatoma
- Painless otorrhea (brown or yellow discharge with a strong odor)
- May have vertigo, tinnitus, dizziness, cranial nerve palsies
On otoscopy for a cholesteatoma, what is seen?
- Granulation tissue (cellular debris)
- Conductive hearing loss
Treatment for cholesteatoma
-Surgical excision of debris and cholesteatoma with reconstruction of the ossicles
In conductive hearing loss, explain what happens in Weber and Rinne tests
- Weber: lateralizes to affected ear
- Rinne: BC > AC
What is conjunctival chemosis
-Irritation, allergies, watery eyes, excessive tearing, itchiness, blurry or double vision, swelling/inflammation
On a fluorescein stain, what is seen with a corneal abrasion?
“Ice rink” linear abrasion
-Evert eyelid to check for anything
Management for corneal abrasion
- Non contact lens wearers: Erythromycin ointment
- Contact lens wearers: Ciprofloxacin or Ofloxacin
Regarding patching with corneal abrasions, what should be done?
- Do not patch is Pseudomonas is suspected
- May patch in large abrasions (> 5 mm), but not for more than 24 hours
Symptoms of Dacryocystitis
- Tearing and signs of infection (tenderness, warmth, edema, erythema)
- To Medial (canthal) side of the lower lid area
Treatment of Dacryocystitis
- Acute: warm compresses + ABX (Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone)
- Chronic: Dacryocystorhinostomy
What is the MCC of new, permanent vision loss in 20-74 years old
Diabetic retinopathy
Two types of diabetic retinopathy. Name and describe them.
- Nonproliferative: micro aneurysms, cotton wool spots, blot and dot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, sharp margins circinate (roll up at ends)
- Proliferative: Neovascularization (growth of new abnormal blood vessels), can lead to vitreous hemorrhage
Treatment of nonproliferation diabetic retinopathy
-strict glucose control, laser treatment
Treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
-VEGF inhibitors, laser treatment, strict glucose control
How often should a diabetic have an eye exam?
Yearly (1 per year)
