Infectious Diseases #1

Question 1

MCC overall gastroenteritis in adults in North America and MCC of viral gastroenteritis worldwide (cruise ships, hospitals, restaurants)

Answer 1

Norovirus

Question 2

Rotavirus infection is MC seen in

Answer 2

young immunized children between 6 months and 2 years of age (daycares)

Question 3

MCC of Traveler’s Diarrhea

Answer 3

E-Coli

Question 4

E. Coli diarrhea comes from

Answer 4

Contaminated food and water

Question 5

Treatment for E. Coli

Answer 5

Supportive, Oral rehydration, and Loperamide (for diarrhea)

Question 6

Vibrio Cholerae is a _____ shaped rod transmitted via ____

Answer 6

Gram negative, comma shaped bacteria

Contaminated food and water

Question 7

Outbreaks of Vibrio Cholerae occur

Answer 7

In areas of poor sanitation and overcrowding situations (abroad)

Question 8

What symptoms are associated with Vibrio Cholerae?

Answer 8

• Copious watery diarrhea
• Rice water stools (grey with flecks of mucus in it)
• Fishy odor, but no blood

Question 9

Treatment for Vibrio Cholerae

Answer 9

Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement

-Tetracyclines if ABX needed

Question 10

Risk Factors for C. Diff

Answer 10

• Recent ABX use (Clindamycin)
• Advanced Age
• Gastric Suppression therapy (PPI, H2 blockers)

Question 11

Diagnostics for C. Diff

Answer 11

C. Diff Toxin (initial)

Question 12

Treatment for C. Diff

Answer 12

D/c offending ABX

• Contact precautions
• Oral Vanco or Oral Fidaxomicin

Question 13

MCC of bacterial enteritis in the US

Answer 13

C. Jejuni

Question 14

C. Jejuni is the MC antecedent event in post-infectious

Answer 14

Guillan-Barre Syndrome

Question 15

C. Jejuni comes from

Answer 15

Raw or undercooked poultry, raw milk, dairy cattle, puppies

Question 16

In a stool culture for C. Jejuni, what is seen?

Answer 16

S, comma or seagull shaped gram negative organisms

Question 17

Treatment for C. Jejuni

Answer 17

Fluid and electrolyte replacement

-Macrolides (Azithromycin)

Question 18

Typhoid Fever Symptoms

Answer 18

• Headache
• Fever, chills
• Abdominal pain
• Pea Soup Green Diarrhea
• Rose spots, Hepatosplenomegaly
• Fever
• Bradycardia

Question 19

Treatment for Typhoid Fever

Answer 19

Oral rehydration and electrolyte replacement

-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

Question 20

Salmonella comes from

Answer 20

-Poultry, eggs, milk products, contact with reptiles

Question 21

Symptoms of Salmonella

Answer 21

Fever, cramps, vomiting, pea-soup diarrhea

Question 22

Treatment for Salmonella

Answer 22

Oral rehydration, Fluoroquinolones when needed

Question 23

Symptoms of Shigellosis

Answer 23

• Explosive watery diarrhea
• Progresses to mucoid bloody diarrhea
• Febrile Seizures

Question 24

Giardia comes from

Answer 24

Contaminated water from remote streams/wells (backpacker’s diarrhea, Beaver’s Fever)

Question 25

Symptoms of Giardia

Answer 25

Frothy, greasy, foul smelling diarrhea with no blood or pus

Question 26

Treatment for Giardia

Answer 26

Metronidazole

Question 27

Symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 27

(Scurvy) - Hyperkeratosis (coiled hairs, hyperkeratotic papules) - Hemorrhage (vascular fragility, recurrent hemorrhages in gums, skin and joints) - Hematologic: anemia, glossitis, malaise, weakness

Question 28

Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 28

- Rickets - Osteomalacia - Bone pain, tenderness - Muscular Weakness - Bowing of long bones

Question 29

Labs for Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 29

-Decreased Calcium, phosphate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

Question 30

Treatment for Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 30

Vitamin D supplementation (Ergocalciferol)(

Question 31

Symptoms of Rickets

Answer 31

Genu Varum (bow legs) Delayed Fontanel closure Growth delays Delayed dentition

Question 32

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms

Answer 32

Visual changes (night blindness) Squamous metaplasia Bitot's Spots (white spots on conjunctiva)

Question 33

Riboflavin B2 deficiency

Answer 33

Oral, ocular, genital - Magenta colored tongue, glossitis, pharyngitis - Photophobia, corneal lesions - Scrotal dermatitis

Question 34

MC etiology of Thiamine B1 deficiency

Answer 34

Chronic alcoholism, weight loss surgery

Question 35

Symptoms Of B1 deficiency

Answer 35

Dry Beriberi: nervous system changes Wet Beriberi: high output heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy Wernicke Encephalopathy: ataxia, global confusion, and ophthalmoplegia Korsakoff Dementia: short term memory loss, confabulation. Irreversible.

Question 36

Symptoms of B3/Niaicin Deficiency

Answer 36

Pellagra (3D's): Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia

Question 37

Explain the absorption of B12

Answer 37

Combines with intrinsic factor where it is absorbed mainly by distal ileum

Question 38

What is the MC etiology of B12 defciency

Answer 38

Pernicious Anemia (due to lack of intrinsic factor)