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PANCE/EOC > Infectious Diseases #5 > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases #5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by Malaria-like protozoa of Babesia Microti. It is transmitted by

A

Ixodes Scapularis (same tick as Lyme Disease)

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2
Q

Risk Factors for Babesiosis

A
  • Elderly
  • Asplenia
  • Immunocompromised
  • Midwest and Northeast US
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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Babesiosis

A

Similar to Malaria, the protozoa infect and lyse red blood cells and lead to hemolysis

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4
Q

On a peripheral blood smear with Giemsa or Wright stain, what is seen with babesiosis?

A 
Pathophnomonic tetrads (Maltese cross appearance)
-Intraerythrocytic rings with central pallor
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5
Q

However, what is the most accurate test for babesiosis?

A

PCR for detection of Babesia DNA

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6
Q

Treatment for Babesiosis?

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin
OR
Quinine + Clindamycin

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7
Q

Leishmaniasis is transmitted through

A

female Sand fly in Mediterranean, Central, South America and Asia

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8
Q

Symptoms of Leishmaniasis

A
  • Localized cutaneous papule that has satellite pustules at bite site
  • Mucocutaneous ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
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9
Q

Treatment for Leishmaniasis

A
  • Infectious disease consult

- Sores heal spontaneously

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10
Q

What is the cause and causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease?

A
  • From scratch or bite from an infected cat or exposure to cat fleas
  • Bartonella Henselae
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11
Q

Most common diagnostic used for cat scratch disease?

A

Serologic: via ELISA or Immunofluorescence assay

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12
Q

Treatment for Cat Scratch Disease

A
  • Mild: Symptomatic and self-limited

- Azithromycin (first line) or Doxycycline

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13
Q

How is the Zika Virus transmitted?

A

Flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito

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14
Q

Associated conditions to Zika Virus

A
  • Guillan Barre Syndrome

- Congenital Zika Syndrome: microcephaly, intracranial cerebral malformation, ocular lesions

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15
Q

Initial test of choice for Zika Virus

A

-Serum or urine Zika virus IgM

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16
Q

What can be used as a screening test for Zika Virus in pregnant women?

A

Reverse-transcriptase PCR

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17
Q

Treatment for Zika Virus

A

Supportive: hydration, acetominophen

-Aspirin should not be used until Dengue Fever ruled out due to Reye Syndrome in kids

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18
Q

How is Tularemia transmitted?

A

-Rabbits, ticks, deer, deer flies

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19
Q

Symptoms of Tularemia

A
  • Single papule at site of inoculation with central eschar formation and tender LAD
  • At hand and arm most common after animal exposure
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20
Q

What is the drug of choice for Tularemia?

A

Streptomycin

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21
Q

Hot tub folliculitis is a benign self-limited condition with skin lesions caused by

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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22
Q

When does hot tub folliculitis happen?

A

-8-48 hours after exposure to water in a contaminated spa, swimming pool, or hot tub (especially made of wood)

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23
Q

Treatment for hot tub folliculitis

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A

No treatment needed in most cases

-Ciprofloxacin orally if persistent

24
Q

Q fever is caused by

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A

Coxiella Burnetii

25
Transmission of Q fever
Inhalation of spores or ingestion. Exposure to farm animals and their products -Individuals living downwind from farms and contaminated manure, straw, or dust
26
Main manifestations of Q Fever
- Pneumonia | - Culture negative endocarditis if Chronic Q Fever
27
Initial treatment of choice for Q Fever
Doxycycline | -Rifampin if chronic
28
Brucellosis, although rare in the US, is transmitted through
Ingestion of infected dairy products (unpasteurized milk, cheese) and consumption of undercooked meat -veteranarians, farmers, contact with livestock
29
Symptoms of Brucellosis
- Undulent fever (rises and falls) - Sweating (moldy, wet hay smell) - Migratory arthralgia or myalgia
30
Treatment for Brucellosis
- Doxycycline + Rifampin in adults | - Bactrim + Rifampin in kids
31
Complications of Brucellosis
- Endocarditis (most lethal) | - Osteomyelitis of lumbar spine (most common)
32
Plague is caused by
Yersinia pestis (gram-negative rod)
33
Plague is transmitted through ______ and the MC form of plague is
flea bites (rodent fleas) -Bubonic: acutely swollen, red, painful nodes (buboes) in groin, cervical, and axilla regions
34
Diagnostics for plague
-Gram stain from tissue: bipolar staining (safety pin appearance)
35
Treatment for plague
- Streptomycin or Gentamicin (1st line) - Doxycycline second line - Strict isolation for 48 hours after therapy begins
36
Anthrax, caused by Bacillus Anthracis, is naturally found in
Livestock
37
Symptoms of anthrax
-Erythematous papule at site of inoculation that runs into a painless black eschar
38
Treatment for Anthrax
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
39
Cytomegalovirus, also known as _____, is mostly seen in immunocompromised patients with a CD4 < ____.
HHV < 50
40
What are some symptoms of reactivation of Cytomegalovirus HHV5
- Colitis (MC) in CD4 < 100 - Retinitis: hemorrhage with yellow white soft exudates, blurry vision when CD4 < 50 - Esophagitis: large superficial ulcers on endoscopy
41
Diagnostics for Cytomegalovirus HHV5
- Serologies: PCR - Biopsy of tissues: owl eye appearance (epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei surrounded by clear zone and cytoplasmic inclusions)
42
Treatment for reactivation Cytomegalovirus HHV5
-Ganciclovir (first line)
43
What is given to HIV+ patients for prophylaxis against CMV HHV5 if CD4 <50?
Valganciclovir
44
What is the most common congenital viral infection?
Congenital CMV
45
Most common sequelae of CMV HHV5 congenital?
Sensorineural hearing loss
46
Listeriosis is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a non-spore forming _________, gram-positive bacili
Endotoxin-producing
47
How is Listeriosis transmitted?
Contaminated foods (cold deli meats, hot dogs, unpasteurized dairy products such as soft cheese and milk)
48
Symptoms of Listeriosis
- Listeriosis: bacteremia and/or meningitis in infants < 2 months, elderly, and immunocompromised - Febrile illness: fever, flu like symptoms - Pregnancy: third trimester; febrile illness associated with premature labor, stillbirth, infected newborns
49
Diagnostics for listeriosis
Cultures: blood or CSF
50
Treatment for Listeriosis (not including meningitis)
- IV Ampicillin is initial management of choice (or Penicillin G) - Gentamicin is added in meningitis, endocarditis, and immunocompromised - Batrim if PCN allergy
51
Treatment for meningitis associated with Listeriosis
- if < 1 month old: Ampicillin + Cefotaxime + Gentamicin | - if > 50 years old: Ampicillin + Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin
52
Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina) is a diffuse skin eruption that occurs in the setting of _____ Infection
Group A Strep (Strep Pyogenes) infection
53
Symptoms of Scarlet Fever
- Pharyngitis, Fever - Diffuse erythematous rash with a sandpaper texture (starts in axillae and groin and spreads to trunk) - Circumoral pallor, strawberry tongue, flushed face
54
Treatment for Scarlet Fever
- Penicillin G or VK (first line) | - Macrolides if PCN-allergy
55
How long after antibiotic administration can children return to school with Scarlet Fever?
24 hours after starting ABX

PANCE/EOC (63 decks)

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