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ANAT 261 > Dermis, Hypodermis, Connective tissue > Flashcards

Dermis, Hypodermis, Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 most common ct cells

A

fibroblasts
adipocytes
mast cell

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2
Q

describe fibroblasts

A

secrete collagen and other elements of EC<
divide to make more

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3
Q

describe adipocytes

A

store fat

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4
Q

describe mast cells

A

macrophages and lymphocytes (cells with immune functions)

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5
Q

is the matrix only produced by fibroblasts

A

nNo
IT CAN BE PRODUCED BY RELATED cell types like chondroblasts in cartilage and osteoblasts in bone

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6
Q

are fibroblasts in all ct

A

HECK NO

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7
Q

describe ground substance of ct

A

depends on the type of connective tissue

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8
Q

describe fibers in ct

A

principal fiber type = collagen
can be others like elastic fibers

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9
Q

describe what collagen fibers do

A

confers tensile strength with flexibility

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10
Q

describe what elastic fibers do

A

confer resiliency

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11
Q

what is the most abundant protein in body

A

collagen

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12
Q

describe ground substance of ordinary ct

A

water stabilized by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

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13
Q

describe ground substance of bone

A

ground substance includes minerals

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14
Q

describe ground substance of blood

A

ground substance is fluid (plasma)

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15
Q

what is a sheath

A

fibroblasts - makes fibers and ecm

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16
Q

name and describe the components of amorphous ground substance

A

structural glycoproteins - 90% protein and 10% sugars
proteoglycans - 50/50 sugar proteins
GAGs

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17
Q

name the GAGs

A

chondroitin sulfate
dermatan sulfate
heparan sulfate
keratan sulfate
and core proteins (recall composition)

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18
Q

name a structural glycoprotein

A

fibronectin

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19
Q

name the collagen fibers found in ct and where they are found

A

type 1 - dermis, tendon
type 2 - hyaline cartilage
type 3 - reticular fiber
type 4 - BM
type 5 - fetal tissues

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20
Q

name the non collagen fibers found in ct and where they are found

A

elastin - elastic cartilage, arteries
gives elastic properties of cartilage

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21
Q

name the areas that collagen fibers are made in (like what they have to travel through)

A

nucleus
RER
golgi
extracellular space

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22
Q

describe what happens in nucleus (how collagen fibers are made)

A

2 copies alpha 1 gene
1 copy alpha 2 gene
forms 3 peptides which come out and goes to RER

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23
Q

describe what happens in RER (how collagen fibers are made)

A

synthesis and clipping of SP (preprocollagen)
hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues - sticks H on ends, then can exchange for sugar
attachment of glucosyl and galastosyl to hydroxylysyl residues
assembly of procollagen molecules - forms triple helix

24
Q

describe what happens in golgi (how collagen fibers are made)

A

packaging and secretion out of cell

25
describe what happens in extracellular space (how collagen fibers are made)
procollagen peptidases aggregation it becomes tropocollagen and then aggregated and forms microfibrils and then collagen fibrils and then bundles
26
describe how procollagen becomes tropocollagen (in extracellular space)
peptidase cleaves peptide bonds and chops off ends of triple helix the ends must be free - now becomes tropocollagen
27
what is tropocollagen
building blocks of collagen 280nm in length specific start and stop
28
describe how tropocollagen becomes microfibrils (and on)
tropocollagen self aggregates in a regulated fashion (depends on sugar residues) and becomes myofibrils myofibrils bind with each other and form collagen fibrils
29
how do collagen fibrils form collagen fibers
self assemble to be collagen fibers and can bundle to become collagen bundle - usually has sheath around bundle
30
does collagen have a pattern
yeee e its because of the way the components align - makes a regular repeating patterns which produces a lacunar region and overlapping region
31
describe lacunar region and overlapping region of collgen
lacunar = space, looks light overlapping region = dark
32
what is the periodicity of collagen due to
stepwise overlapping of tropocollagen
33
name other ct cells and what their functions are - 4
lymphocyte - immunoglobulins (humoral defense) mast cell - heparin and histamine (anti clotting, inflammation) plasma cell - phagocytosis (cellular defense) macrophages
34
what are cartilage and bone
specialized forms of ct which produce ecm with firm consistency
35
what does the matrix of cartilage allow for
allows tissue to support mechanical stress without distortion provides support to adjacent soft tissues
36
what cells are found in cartilage
chondrocytes
37
where are chondrocytes in cartilage
within spaces called lacunae or chondroplasts
38
define lacunae
space in cartilage usually small space has isogenic group (cells - chondrocytes)
39
what is articular cartilage
found at end (head) of bones special
40
name the 3 main types of cartilage and where to find them
hyaline - trachea (rings of hyaline with muscle in back) elastic - ears, nose, larynx fibrocartilage - intervertebral discs
41
describe the ground substance of ecm of cartilage - specifics
proteoglycans - keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate hyaluronic acid various glycoproteins - chondronectin
42
what fibers are found in hyaline cartilage
collagen type 2
43
what fibers are found in elastic cartilage
elastic fibers
44
what fibers are found in fibrocartilage
collagen type 1
45
T OR F: cartilage continues to grow for all your life
false silly head cartilage stops growing in mature cartilage there is no chondrogenic layerr
46
what is perichondrium
most apical layer wraps around cartilage - ct sheath
47
name the layers of the perichondrium
fibrous layer chondrogenic layer
48
describe fibrous layer of perichondrium - gen
more fibers less cells dense irregular ct collagen type 1
49
describe fibrous layer of perichondrium - detailed like about cell types
fibrocytes (blasts produced fibers but now they are trapped, so cytes, used to be blasts but older cartilage so no more
50
describe chondrogenic layer of perichondrium - gen
flat cells chondroblasts - active cells make ecm, fibers and amorphous ground substance makes collagen type 2
51
describe chondrogenic layer of perichondrium - detailed like about cell types
makes all ecm - chondroblasts can divide and stay in chondrogenic layer or differentiate to chondrocytes (no longer active)
52
describe appositional growth of cartilage
chondroblasts in chondrogenic layer make ecm and chondrocytes and pushes stuff down gets thicker and displace - moving away from top growth of chondrogenic layer is important to make cartilage grow
53
describe interstitial growth of cartilage
chondrocytes get stuck in spaces = chondroplasts inside chondroplast = interstitial growth - divide within chondrocytes still dividing
54
describe chondroplast - cells
8 cells trapped in lacuna - all 8 cells came from same cell (= isogenic group)
55
what is similar between hyaline and elastic cartilage
very similar perichondrium - fibrous layer and chondrogenic layer cells trapped in ecm, not active, becomes part of cartilage, chondroplasts with chondrocytes stuck in lacunae
56
what is different between hyaline and elastic cartilage
elastic cartilage HAS ELASTIC FIBERS chondroblasts of cartilage make another of fiber - elastic fibers elastic fibers made by chondrogenic layer
57
what do elastic fibers do for elastic cartilage
gives elasticity able to move elastic cartilage around because of these fibers

ANAT 261 (27 decks)

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