Lab 11: Kidney

Question 1

functions of kidney

Answer 1

urine formation
regulation of blood pressure regulation of blood volume
regulation of a/b balance
formation and release of hormones

Question 2

describe blood flow in kidney

Answer 2

renal artery –> interlobular artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole

Question 3

are collecting tubules part of nephron

Answer 3

NOOOO

Question 4

describe cortex

Answer 4

notice outer layer or capsule of kidney
medullary rays visible
renal corpuscles in cortex

Question 5

name parts of renal corpuscle

Answer 5

bowmans capsule
vascular pole
urinary pole

Question 6

name and describe layers of bowmans capsule

Answer 6

parietal layer = outer, simple squamous epithelium
visceral layer = inner, made of podocytes (and pedicels - not visible)

Question 7

describe vascular pole (of renal corpuscle)

Answer 7

where blood vessels enter

Question 8

describe urinary pole (of renal corpuscle)

Answer 8

where glomerular filtrate exits via proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

name cortical tubules

Answer 9

PCT = proximal convoluted tubule
DCT = distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

describe proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

darker staining
cells have striated appearance due to folding of PM around mitochondria
brush border due to microvilli (improves absorption)
central nuclei
cloudy lumen

Question 11

describe distal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

cells are less acidophilic
apically located nucleus
relatively clean lumen

Question 12

what is common for both PCT and DCT

Answer 12

cannot delineate lateral membranes

Question 13

what are 2 layers of bowmans capsule separated by

Answer 13

bowmans space
between visceral and parietal layers

Question 14

what are medullary rays

Answer 14

at center of each lobule = striated projections of medulla into cortex

Question 15

name parts of medullary rays

Answer 15

collecting tubule
thick descending limb of loop of henle
thick ascending limb of loop of henle

Question 16

describe collecting tubule (medullary rays)

Answer 16

cuboidal cells
Visible lateral membranes
not part of nephron

Question 17

describe thick descending limb of loop of henle
(medullary rays)

Answer 17

similar to PCT

Question 18

describe thick ascending limb of loop of henle
(medullary rays)

Answer 18

similar to DCT

Question 19

name parts of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 19

macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 20

describe macula densa of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 20

part of DCT that comes close to afferent arteriole
large columnar cells

Question 21

describe juxtaglomerular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 21

hard to see cells of afferent arteriole that contact macula densa
secretes hormone containing granules - secretes renin

Question 22

describe extraglomerular mesangial cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 22

cannot distinguish

Question 23

describe medulla parts

Answer 23

thick limbs
thin limbs (only in medulla)
collecting ducts
area cribosa (opening of collecting ducts)

Question 24

name parts of upper medulla

Answer 24

collecting ducts
thick descending and ascending limbs of loop of henle

Question 25

describe collecting ducts of bellini of medulla

Answer 25

collecting tubules drain into these Similar appearance very visible lateral membranes site of ADH/vasopressin activity

Question 26

describe thick descending and ascending limbs of loop of henle of upper medulla

Answer 26

same appearance as in medullary rays

Question 27

describe lower medulla

Answer 27

numerous collecting ducts of bellini thin limb of loop of henle

Question 28

describe thin limb of loop of henle of lower medulla

Answer 28

similar appearance to capillary except capillary contains plasma cells (red) thin limb appears empty

Question 29

describe medulla

Answer 29

paler staining than cortex striated appearance no renal corpuscle vasa recta = capillaries branching from efferent arteriole

Question 30

describe area cribosa

Answer 30

at apex of the medullary pyramids = urine from collecting ducts drain into area cribosa then goes into minor calyx --> major calyx --> ureter --> urinary bladder (stored here)

Question 31

describe mucosa of urinary bladder

Answer 31

transitional epithelium with facet/dome cells

Question 32

describe submucosa of urinary bladder

Answer 32

dense irregular CT

Question 33

describe tunica muscularis of urinary bladder

Answer 33

3 layers of smooth muscle = inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal

Question 34

describe dome cells of urinary bladder

Answer 34

can distend and look squamous when bladder is full looks cuboidal/columnar when bladder is empty