Lab 10: Digestive system III

Question 1

how to distinguish structure of glands

Answer 1

tubular vs acinar
simple vs compound/branched

Question 2

how to determine function of glands

Answer 2

endocrine vs exocrine vs paracrine

Question 3

name types of secretion methods of glands

Answer 3

holocrine vs merocrine vs apocrine

Question 4

describe product secreted out of gland

Answer 4

serous vs seromucous vs serous demilunes

Question 5

describe tubular

Answer 5

gland and duct are continuous as tubular structures

Question 6

describe acinar

Answer 6

alveolar
many grape looking structures secrete into a network of ducts

Question 7

describe simple

Answer 7

sweat gland

Question 8

describe compound

Answer 8

salivary gland

Question 9

describe endocrine

Answer 9

no duct
product secreted directly into surrounding CT and diffuses to blood

Question 10

describe exocrine

Answer 10

product is delivered to surface/lumen by means of a duct

Question 11

describe paracrine

Answer 11

product is delivered to adjacent cells

Question 12

describe holocrine

Answer 12

secretion product is entire cell
sebaceous gland

Question 13

describe merocrine

Answer 13

membrane bound secretory granules are released from cell
salivary gland

Question 14

describe apocrine

Answer 14

secretory products are released together with portions of secreting cell

Question 15

describe serous secretion

Answer 15

watery and rich in glycoproteins

Question 16

describe mucous

Answer 16

rich in carbohydrates

Question 17

name glands which are serous

Answer 17

parotid
salivary gland

Question 18

describe serous glands gen

Answer 18

small lumen
cells are tall and pyramidal
nuclei basally located and are spherical
base of cells are basophilic = rich in RER
apex is eosinophilic (zymogen granules)
watery and rich in glycoproteins
can be a serous or mucous mixture

Question 19

describe serous gland - lobe specific

Answer 19

glands divided into lobes and subdivided into lobules
lobes divided by dense irregular ct
lobules divided by some ct (less than lobes)
very little ct around each acinus

Question 20

describe mucous glands

Answer 20

larger lumen
pyramidal shaped cells
nuclei basally located and flattened in appearance
apex filled with poorly fixed mucinogen droplets
secretion rich in carbs

Question 21

describe von ebners glands

Answer 21

exclusively serous

Question 22

describe serous mucous glands

Answer 22

mixed acinus
mucous and serous cells can be I acinus or in different neighbouring acini
mucous with serous demilunes = mixture of mucous and serous, serous demilunes are serous cells that surround and rest on a mucous acinus

Question 23

what are seromucous glands

Answer 23

mixture of both serous and mucous glands

Question 24

what are glands

Answer 24

acini

Question 25

describe serous demilunes

Answer 25

serous cells that surround and rest on a mucous acinus

Question 26

describe salivary gland

Answer 26

parotid = serous 100% serous other 100% serous gland = von ebner branched acinar gland

Question 27

describe submandibular gland

Answer 27

serous and serous mucous 90% serous and 10% mucous compound tubol-acinar intralobular

Question 28

describe intralobular (submandibular gland)

Answer 28

found within the tubule little ct around duct can be intercalated or striated

Question 29

describe sublingual gland

Answer 29

mucous mainly mucous with some serous demilunes compound tubulo acinar gland small gland interlobular duct

Question 30

describe interlobular ducts (sublingual gland)

Answer 30

in between lobules collecting ducts ct visible around duct

Question 31

describe intralobular ducts

Answer 31

as duct system enlarges = cells become larger intercalated duct —> striated duct —> collecting duct

Question 32

describe intercalated duct

Answer 32

smallest simple squamous/cuboidal always in lobule (intralobular)

Question 33

describe striated duct

Answer 33

same size as acinus cuboidal to columnar cells interdigitate = indistinct lateral cell borders striations (eosinophilic) = membrane infolding and mitochondria

Question 34

describe collecting duct

Answer 34

largest no striation simple cuboidal to columnar thick BM INTERLOBULAR

Question 35

describe parts of pancreas

Answer 35

exocrine = acinar pancreas endocrine = islets of langerhans

Question 36

describe exocrine pancreas

Answer 36

exclusively serous (key to distinguish from salivary gland) no striated ducts centroacinar cells line part of the lumen of acini and are continuous with intercalated ducts (forms initial portion of intercalated ducts) centroacinar cells diagnostic of pancreas

Question 37

describe endocrine pancreas

Answer 37

exclusively endocrine pale and circular delineated by very little cr contain a network of fenestrated capillaries do not need to distinguish cell types

Question 38

describe features of pancreas

Answer 38

on serous (no mucous) + islet of langerhans no striated duct in pancreas (has intercalated ducts and intralobular ducts (within lobules)) = another way to distinguish

Question 39

name parts of liver

Answer 39

lobules portal space/triad

Question 40

describe liver lobules

Answer 40

poorly delineated polyhedral made of cords of hepatocytes sinusoids converge on a central vein

Question 41

describe liver portal space

Answer 41

hepatic arteriole portal venule common bile duct choleangiole (at periphery)

Question 42

describe cholangiole

Answer 42

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 43

describe hepatic sinusoids

Answer 43

discontinuous or fenestrated capillary with discontinuous BM

Question 44

describe chords of hepatocytes

Answer 44

one cell thick

Question 45

how many surfaces do hepatocytes have

Answer 45

2 distinct surfaces

Question 46

describe the 2 surfaces of hepatocytes

Answer 46

one surface faces other hepatocytes and has a hemispherical indentation that helps form bile canaliculi one surface that has microvilli and faces sinusoids (the space of disse is found here, it is an extracellular space between hepatocytes and sinusoids)

Question 47

describe how sinusoids formed

Answer 47

from the portal space the portal venule and hepatic arteriole join to form sinusoids

Question 48

where does blood from sinusoids go

Answer 48

blood from sinusoids goes to central vein (which will drain to larger hepatic veins that are not in portal spaces)

Question 49

what is bile produced by

Answer 49

hepatocytes

Question 50

how does bile move

Answer 50

bile moves through bile canaliculi into choleangioles and then bile ducts

Question 51

describe bile ducts

Answer 51

cuboidal to columnar epithelium much larger than choleangioles

Question 52

how do blood and bile flow

Answer 52

In opposite directions