Lab 2: Skin Appendages

Question 1

how were glands derived

Answer 1

via invagination of the epithelial surface

Question 2

how are glands classified (4)

Answer 2

function of gland - where does secreted substance go
shape of gland
method of secretion
what does gland secrete

Question 3

describe gland classification by function

Answer 3

exocrine - outside the skin - chemical secretions
endocrine - in the skin - blood in capillaries

Question 4

describe gland classification by shape

Answer 4

simple duct structure - does not branch
compound duct structure - duct branches

Question 5

name the 2 types of secretory structure

Answer 5

tubular and alveolar

Question 6

name and give exs of simple tubular duct secretory structure

Answer 6

simple tubular = intestinal glands
simple branched tubular = stomach gastric glands

Question 7

name and give exs of compound tubular duct secretory structure

Answer 7

compound tubular - duodenal glands of small intestine

Question 8

name and give exs of simple alveolar duct secretory structure

Answer 8

simple alveolar - no important ones in humans
simple branched alveolar - sebaceous oil glands

Question 9

name and give exs of compound alveolar duct secretory structure

Answer 9

compound alveolar - mammary glands
compound tubuloalveolar - salivary glands

Question 10

describe the 3 types of secretion

Answer 10

merocrine - through secretory vesicles
apocrine - pinched off portion of cell is the secretion
holocrine - mature cell dies and becomes secretory product

Question 11

describe classifications of types of secretory products

Answer 11

serous glands - watery protein rich fluid
mucous gland - viscous carb rich
sebaceous glands - lipid/oil

Question 12

describe sweat gland (type of gland, shape of gland secretion method and type of secretory product)

Answer 12

exocrine gland
simple coiled tubular gland
merocrine secretion (aka eccrine sweat glands, found almost all over body)
serous gland

note = also apocrine sweat glands in specific places
*lined by a BM

Question 13

where is the excretory portion found of sweat gland

Answer 13

duct is found in dermis and hypodermis
less coiled than secretory portion

Question 14

where is secretory portion found of sweat gland

Answer 14

hypodermis
highly coiled

Question 15

name the 2 portions of sweat gland

Answer 15

secretory portion
ductal portion

Question 16

describe ductal portion of sweat gland

Answer 16

cell size is small
two cell layers
darkly stained
small in diameter
not surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Question 17

describe secretory portion of sweat gland

Answer 17

cell is larger
one cell layer
lightly stained
large in diameter
surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Question 18

describe hair - gen

Answer 18

elongated
obliquely oriented
keratinized structure

Question 19

what is hair derived from

Answer 19

invagination of the epithelial called the hair follicle

Question 20

what is hair lined with

Answer 20

A BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Question 21

what does hair end with

Answer 21

ends in a bulb with a core of connective tissue called dermal papilla

Question 22

name some important parts of hair

Answer 22

inner root sheath
contains trichohyalin granules
thickest layer

Question 23

where is sebaceous gland found

Answer 23

in dermis
at point where internal root sheath ends

Question 24

what is sebaceous gland line by

Answer 24

A BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Question 25

name the type of secretion and product secreted from sebaceous gland

Answer 25

holocrine secretion
product called sebum

Question 26

what does sebaceous gland use

Answer 26

uses the space where the internal root sheath was a duct

Question 27

describe cells of secretory portion of sweat gland

Answer 27

single layer
pyramidal shaped cells
appear lighter than cells of the duct of the sweat gland

Question 28

define myoepithelial cells

Answer 28

contractile cells that appear bright pink and lie within BM

Question 29

what does secretory portion of sweat gland secrete

Answer 29

water solution rich in electrolytes

Question 30

describe cells of duct of sweat gland (excretory portion)

Answer 30

double layer
cuboidal cells
appear more basophilic than those of the secretory portion of the sweat gland

Question 31

describe lumen of duct of sweat gland (excretory portion)

Answer 31

smaller lumen than the secretory portion of the sweat gland

Question 32

what is in dark hair

Answer 32

central medulla area

Question 33

what happens when arrector pili muscle contracts

Answer 33

sebaceous gland is compressed leading to the release of sebum which acts as an insulator

Question 34

name important parts of hair

Answer 34

hair shaft
hair follicle
hair bulb
dermal papilla

Question 35

name the 6 layers of the hair follicle

Answer 35

1 - glassy membrane = thickened BM
2 - external root sheath = thickest later
3 - Henle’s layer = inner root sheath
4 - Huxley’s layer = inner root sheath * contains basophilic tricohyaline granules
5 - cuticle of inner root sheath
6 - cortex (covered by cuticle of the cortex)

Question 36

what is sebaceous gland lined by (cell type)

Answer 36

basal cells (flattened and basophilic) that migrate toward center of gland where they will swell and their nuclei undergo degeneration (cell is vacuolated at this point)