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ANAT 261 > Epithelial Tissue: junctional complexes and cell cycle > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue: junctional complexes and cell cycle Flashcards

1
Q

name the order of junctions (top to bottom)

A

zonula occludens
zonula adherens
macula adherens
gap junctions
hemidesomosomes

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2
Q

describe zonula occludens

A

most apical
tight junctions
membrane proteins
cytoplasmic proteins

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3
Q

describe membrane proteins of zonula occludens

A

occludin
claudin
forms dimer on each side of plasma membrane
brings membrane together

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4
Q

describe cytoplasmic proteins of zonula occludens

A

ZO-1
actin
etc…
cytoplasmic proteins link to ZO-1 and it grabs onto actin filaments and forms tight junction

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5
Q

describe zonula adherens

A

intercellular space - 15nm
gap where transmembrane protein becomes dimer

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6
Q

describe cadherins of zonula adherens

A

form dimers with each other
links 2 cells

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7
Q

describe actin of zonula adherens

A

alpha actin
vinculin
these are cross linking proteins and make terminal web of actin

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8
Q

describe macula adherens

A

demosomes - in stratum spinosum
looks like hair pin
vert big and strong

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9
Q

name the components of macula adherens

A

desmoplakins I&II
plakoglobin and desmocalmin
intermediate filaments
intracellular space
transmembrane proteins

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10
Q

describe desmoplakins I&II
plakoglobin and desmocalmin of macula adherens

A

plakoglobin and desmocalmin = makes up plaque inside cell
grouping of proteins bind to pm

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton

A

actin
intermediate filaments
microtubules

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12
Q

describe intermediate filaments of macula adherens

A

makes hair pin in plaque
gives rigidity to inside - hard to pull apart

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13
Q

describe intercellular space of macula adherens

A

25nm
thick because of the 2 transmembrane proteins

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14
Q

describe transmembrane proteins of macula adherens

A

desmocollin
desmoglein
form dimers and bind to each other
inside the desmoplakins make plaque and tonofilaments come in and adds to inside where plaque is

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15
Q

describe hemidemosomes

A

plaque contains BP 200
connects through basement membrane
transmembrane proteins

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16
Q

describe BP 200 (name)

A

related to bullous phemphigoid
autoimmune disease - body makes antibodies that make up plaque and some transmembrane proteins
disconnects tissue from BM = blisters

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17
Q

describe hemidesmosome plaque

A

plaque and intermediate filaments
tonofilaments come in and add rigidity to inside and plaque

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18
Q

name hemidesmosome transmembrane proteins

A

alpha 6 integrin
beta 4 integrin
BP 180

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19
Q

describe gap junctions

A

2 nm
small space
couple connexon
below zonula adherens

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20
Q

describe coupled connexons of gap junctions

A

connexon = 6 connexins
channel = 1.5 nm diameter
make tunnels between one cell and another - 6 connexins forms a barrel and matches with another

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21
Q

what does epithelial tissue have very little extracellular space

A

due to the many junctional complexes = ZO, ZA, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and gap junctions

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22
Q

what can stem cells do

A

give rise to all other cells
divide to itself or differentiate to next cell type

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23
Q

describe steady state

A

number of newly originated cells by stem cells are equal to number of dead cells on surface of epithelium

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24
Q

describe turnover time

A

time required to change whole population pf epithelial cells - 30 days

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25
describe radioautography
provides a means to study the turnover of epithelial cells and other types of cells
26
describe mouse and triniated thymidine experiment
take mouse and inject with triniated thymidine gives dark spot on film - do time study and saw that thymidine came from stem cell layer
27
what is purpose of cell division
during embryogenesis and post natal development to produce growth during adulthood - cells and tissues
28
describe (give ex of places) the 3 ways tissue behaves (cell division)
static - neurons and skeletal muscle expanding - liver renewing - epidermis and most epithelia
29
describe cell cycle (interphase and mitosis) and times
G1 - presynthesis of DNA - 25 hrs, 2n S - synthesis of DNA - 8 hrs G2 - post DNA duplication - 3hrs, 4n mitosis - 2.5 hrs, 2n restored
30
how many chromosomes in humans
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes - 46 total
31
name the phases of mitosis
preprophase prohase metaphase early anaphase late anaphase telophase
32
describe preprophase
intranuclear condensation of chromosomes
33
describe prophase
visualization of chromosomes and mitotic spindle
34
describe metaphase
chromosomes in equatorial plane loss of nuclear envelope and nucleolus
35
describe early anaphase
longitudinal splitting of chromosomes kinetochores move back
36
describe late anaphase
migration of chromosomes to poles DNA moves back
37
describe telophase
nuclear restitution nuclear envelope and nucleolar formation end of cell division
38
what does dermis do
supports epidermis and binds to hypodermis
39
describe CT of dermis
2 sublayers = papillary and reticular layer
40
describe papillary layer of dermis
loose ct slightly smaller more cells less fibers
41
describe reticular layer of dermis
dense irregular ct more fibers less cells
42
can you describe loose ct as irregular
no bc not enough fibers
43
what is difference between regular and irregular ct
regular is uniform Irregular is no specific pattern
44
describe ct of hypodermis
loose ct - specialized usually infiltrated with fat cells - adipocytes more cells than fibers
45
what is function of connective tissue
carries nerves and blood vessels - innervation and blood supply to epidermis and other epithelial tissues provides support and a connecting framework to other tissues of body
46
what is structural composition of ct
extracellular fibers + amorphous ground susbtance (proteoglycans and glycoproteins) = ECM population of different types of cells (fibroblasts)
47
name and describe the varieties of ct
loose - papillary layer of dermis dense = dense irregular (reticular layer of dermis) or regular (tendons) supporting - cartilage and bone special properties - hemopoietic bone marrow
48
name the 3 layers of embryos
ectoderm mesoderm endoderm
49
where does all ct come from
mesoderm layer = mesenchymal cells which ate pluripotent stem cells and become all cells of ct
50
what can ct mesenchymal cells differentiate into
bone cartilage fibroblasts blood cells
51
describe ct differentiation to lipoblast
gives rise to lipoblast - can divide and become lipcytes
52
describe ct differentiation to chondroblast
makes cartilage chondroblast = active cell, divide and makes ecm and becomes trapped and then becomes chondrocytes
53
describe ct differentiation to osteoblast
bone cell that is making bone same type of differentiation of a chondroblast
54
describe how main cells of ct form
mesenchymal cell --> fibrobalst --> fibrocyte (terminal stage)
55
describe chromatin of mesenchymal cell
pale chromatin - euchromatin nucleus is pale
56
describe chromatin of fibroblast
older cell still some pale chromatin dark chromatin too (euchromatin and heterochromatin)
57
describe chromatin of fibrocyte
dark chromatin - heterochromatin condensed DNA - to divide, can only divide not an active cell
58
what can fibrocytes sometimes do
de differentiate to fibroblast happens when wound healing - causes scars
59
are the cells of ct directly attached to each other
NOOOOO not bound there is space - cells separated by ecm
60
what is big difference between ct and epithelial tissue
ct derived from mesoderm most epithelial tissue derived from ectoderm and endoderm

ANAT 261 (27 decks)

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