Development of the Vasculature

Question 1

arteries, veins, and lymphatic channels form from what embryonic layer

Answer 1

mesoderm

Question 2

what forms first extraembryonic vessels or embryonic vessels ?

Answer 2

extraembryonic

Question 3

when do the pharyngeal arches form ?

Answer 3

4th and 5th weeks of development

Question 4

the first arch gives rise to

Answer 4

maxillary artery

Question 5

the second arch gives rise to

Answer 5

hyoid and stapedial arteries

Question 6

the third arch persists and gives rise to

Answer 6

common carotid and internal carotid arteries

Question 7

the fourth arch gives rise to

Answer 7

the right 4th arch persists as the right subclaviian artery

the left 4th arch persists as a segment of the aortic between the origin of the left common carotid and left subclavian

Question 8

the right 6th arch gives rise to

Answer 8

right pulmonary artery

Question 9

the left 6th arch gives rise to the

Answer 9

left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriousus

Question 10

what is the carotid duct

Answer 10

connects the 3rd and 4th arches

Question 11

what nerves supplies the 6th arch

Answer 11

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 12

general function of the vitelline arteries

Answer 12

arise from the abdominal aorta and supply derivatives of the yolk sac

Question 13

the thoracic vitelline arteries supply what

Answer 13

esophagus

Question 14

the celiac artery supplies

Answer 14

foregut

Question 15

superior mesenteric arteri supplies

Answer 15

midgut

Question 16

inferior mesenteric artery supplies the

Answer 16

hindgut

Question 17

the umbillical arteries are first paired branches of the dorsal aorta that supply what?

Answer 17

allatois

Question 18

umbilical arteries in adulthood are what

Answer 18

medial umbillical ligaments

Question 19

dysphagia lusoria

Answer 19

abnormal origin of the subclavian artery

Question 20

Anomalies associated with development of the arterial system /

Answer 20

patent ductus arteriousus
coarctation of the aorta
dysphagia lusoria
double aortic arch

Question 21

What are the three system of veins that can be observed during the 5th week of development ?

Answer 21

vitelline, umbilical and cardinal

Question 22

Function of the vitelline veins

Answer 22

carry blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus

Question 23

function of the umbilical veins

Answer 23

carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the embryo

Question 24

Function of the cardinal veins

Answer 24

drain blood from the rest of the embryo and deliver it to the Right side of the heart

Question 25

Veins derived from the vitelline veins

Answer 25

``` small region of IVC portal vein hepatic vein ductus venosus superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric splenic ```

Question 26

distal portion of the left umbilical veins carries blood

Answer 26

from the placenta towards the liver

Question 27

what is the communication between the left umbilical and the right vitelline called

Answer 27

ductus venosus

Question 28

function of the ductus venosus

Answer 28

bypasses the sinusoids of the liver so that blood reaching the liver has the highest oxygenated and nutritional content bypassing the capillary beds this blood reaches the heart and brain and not the liver

Question 29

after birth the left umbilical vein becomes

Answer 29

liigamentum teres hepatis

Question 30

after birth the ductus venosus obliterates to

Answer 30

ligamentum venosum

Question 31

subcardinal veins

Answer 31

drain the kidneys

Question 32

sacrocardinal veins

Answer 32

drain the lower extremities

Question 33

supracardinal veins

Answer 33

drain the body wall

Question 34

anatomosis of the anterior cardinal vein forms

Answer 34

brachiocephalic artery

Question 35

left anterior cardinal vein contributes

Answer 35

to the coronary sinus and small left superior intercostal vein

Question 36

superior vena cava arises from

Answer 36

union of right common cardinal vein, proximal part of right anterior cardinal vein

Question 37

right subcardinal forms a significant portion of

Answer 37

inferior vena cava

Question 38

anatomosis of sacrocardinal veins forms

Answer 38

left common iliac

Question 39

supracardinal veins help form

Answer 39

azygous system

Question 40

posterior cardinal veins form

Answer 40

arch of azygos vein and left superior intercostal vein

Question 41

contributions to inferior vena cava

Answer 41

heaptic segment from right vitelline suprarenal segment from right subcardinal renal segment from subcardinal and supracardinal subrenal segment from right supracardinal common iliacs from posterior cardinal

Question 42

right gonadal vein drains to

Answer 42

IVC

Question 43

left gonadal vein drins to

Answer 43

left renal vein

Question 44

anomalies associated with venous system

Answer 44

double inferior vena cava, absence of inferior vena cava, persistent left superior vena cava or double superior vena cava

Question 45

congenital lymphedema

Answer 45

dilation of lymphatic channels or congenital hypoplasia of lyphatic channels

Question 46

cystic hygroma

Answer 46

large swellings composed of fluid filled cavities involve jugular lymph sacs that fail to connect lymphatic vessels