pharyngeal arches

Question 1

when do the pharyngeal arches form

Answer 1

4th week of development

Question 2

What are the four parts of the pharyngeal arches ?

Answer 2

arch
pharyngeal pouch
clefts or groves on outside
membrane

Question 3

A typical pharyngeal arch contains

Answer 3

artery
nerve
cartilage
muscular

Question 4

What two prominences form the first arch

Answer 4

mandibular and maxillary prominences

Question 5

what nerve is from the first arch

Answer 5

trigeminal CV nerve

Question 6

what nerve is from the second arch

Answer 6

facial nerve CVII

Question 7

third arch forms what nerve

Answer 7

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 8

what muscles are derived from the first arch

Answer 8

mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric and tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

Question 9

what muscles form from the second arch

Answer 9

stepedius and stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

Question 10

what muscles form from the third arch

Answer 10

stylopharyngeus

Question 11

the fourth and sixth arches give rise to

Answer 11

vagus nerve

Question 12

what muscles are derived from fourth and six arches

Answer 12

laryngeal, pharyngeal, constrictors, levator veli palatini, skeletal muscle of esophagus

Question 13

the fourth arch gives rise to what part of laryngeal muscles

Answer 13

cricothyroid (superior laryngeal nerve)

Question 14

the 6th arch gives rise to

Answer 14

the rest of the laryngeal muscles (recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 15

the malleus and incus are from what arch

Answer 15

first

Question 16

the stapes, styloid process, lesser horn, superior portion off body of hyoid is from

Answer 16

second arch

Question 17

greater horn, inferior portion of body of hyoid is from

Answer 17

third

Question 18

laryngeal cartilage is from

Answer 18

fourth arch and 6th

Question 19

treacher’s collins syndrome

Answer 19

first arch syndrome

malar/mandibular hypoplasia, down slanting palepebral fissures, malformed external ears

Question 20

robins sequence

Answer 20

first arch syndrome, micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis

Question 21

1st pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

Answer 21

tympanic membrane and paryngotympanic tube, ear drum

Question 22

2nd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

Answer 22

palatine tonsil and tonsilar fossa

Question 23

superior 3rd pharyneal pouch gives rise to

Answer 23

inferior parathyroid gland

Question 24

inferior 3rd pharyngeal pouch gives rise to

Answer 24

thymus gland

Question 25

superior fourth arch gives rise to

Answer 25

superior thyroid gland

Question 26

inferior fourth arch gives rise to

Answer 26

ultimobranchial body (calcitonin)

Question 27

pharyngeal groove 1 gives rise to

Answer 27

tympanic membrane and external auditory canal

Question 28

pharyngeal groove 2 gives rise to

Answer 28

cervical sinusd

Question 29

where is the most common location for ectopic thyroid tissue

Answer 29

at base of tonque

Question 30

pharyngeal arches are lined with

Answer 30

endoderm

Question 31

pharyngeal grooves are lined with

Answer 31

ectoderm

Question 32

what produces the opening from the pharynx to the amnionic cavity

Answer 32

oropharyngeal membrane

Question 33

when do the salivary glands develop

Answer 33

7th week

Question 34

parenchyma of the salivary glands is from

Answer 34

neural crest cells

Question 35

what is the muscular component of the pharyngeal arch from ?

Answer 35

somitomeres

Question 36

middle part of the first arch gives rise to

Answer 36

anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

Question 37

what is the first endocrine gland to form

Answer 37

thyroid gland

Question 38

what is the connection between the tongue and the thyroid?

Answer 38

glossopharyngeal duct

Question 39

branchial cysts/fistula

Answer 39

results from the persistence of the pharyngeal grooves; branchial fistulas occur when the second arch fails to grow over the third and fourth arches, formation of a lateral cervical cyst; fistulas have an external opening on the lateral aspect of the neck

Question 40

branchial vestiges

Answer 40

normally pharngeal cartilages disappear; remnants of cartilage or bony elements under the skin anterior to the inferior 1/3 of the sternocleidomastoid persists

Question 41

ectopic thyroid tissue

Answer 41

remnants of thyroid tissue along course of their migration

Question 42

thyroglossal cysts and sinues

Answer 42

lie in the mdiline of the neck and re a tubule rementat of the thyroglossal duct

Question 43

neural crest are involved in what two diseases

Answer 43

treacher collins syndrome and pierre robin sequence

Question 44

digeorge anomaly

Answer 44

involves abnormalities of the heart, parathyroid gland, face, and thymus gland. affected individuals will have congenital heart disease, ususual facial features, low set ears, small jawbone, wide set eyes and without parathyroid glands

Question 45

somatic sensation from anterior 2/3 is from

Answer 45

CN V

Question 46

visceral sensation from anterior 2/3 is from

Answer 46

CN VII

Question 47

CN IX provides sensory to

Answer 47

posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 48

CN X carries

Answer 48

taste from the root of the tonque