Development of the Skull, Face and Palate

Question 1

what does the skull develop from ?

Answer 1

mesenchyme

Question 2

neurocrainium is

Answer 2

around the brain

Question 3

viscerocranium

Answer 3

is the skeleton around the face

Question 4

what are the two parts of the neurocranium ?

Answer 4

cartilagenous and memranous parts

Question 5

what process forms the bones of the skull

Answer 5

endochondral ossification

Question 6

what type of cartilage gives rise to the ethmoid bone ?

Answer 6

prechordal cartilage

Question 7

parachordal cartilage gives rise to

Answer 7

occipital bone

Question 8

hypophysial cartilage gives rise to

Answer 8

forms around the pituitary gland

Question 9

ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and inferior concha are formed from

Answer 9

olfactory capsules

Question 10

petrous and mastoid parts of petrous bone are formed by

Answer 10

otic capsule

Question 11

forms the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

Answer 11

optic capsule

Question 12

the membranous neurocranium is derived from

Answer 12

neural crest cells

Question 13

what process forms the neurocranium

Answer 13

intermembranous ossification

Question 14

the membranous viscerous cranium is from

Answer 14

the first arch and neural crest cells

Question 15

membranous neurocranium forms what bones

Answer 15

frontal, parietal, sqaumous part of temporal and portion of occipital

Question 16

viscerocranium froms what vones

Answer 16

squamous temporal, maxillary and zygomatic bones and most of the mandible

Question 17

cartilagenous viscerocranium is from what

Answer 17

first and second arches via endochondral ossification

Question 18

first arch forms

Answer 18

malleus and incus and parts of mandible

Question 19

second arch forms

Answer 19

stapes, lesser horn, and superior part of hyoid bone

Question 20

third arch forms

Answer 20

greater horns and inferior part of hyoid bone

Question 21

fourth and third arch form

Answer 21

epiglottis

Question 22

what forms the laryngeal cartilages

Answer 22

fourth and sixth arches

Question 23

when does the development of the face begin ?

Answer 23

4th week

Question 24

what does the development of the face rely on

Answer 24

organizing centers related to the forebrain

Question 25

face develops around what structure

Answer 25

stomadeum

Question 26

the nasolacrimal duct forms from _______of the nasolacrimal groove

Answer 26

ectoderm

Question 27

______________ are not present at birth but develop in early life by the eroding of bone

Answer 27

paranasal sinuses

Question 28

what do the neural crest cells that remain in the surface ectoderm form

Answer 28

neuroepithelium

Question 29

what do the nerual crest cells taht remain in the surface ectoderm help give rise to

Answer 29

ectodermal placodes

Question 30

ectodermal placodes will form what

Answer 30

neural tissue along with the lens of the eye

Question 31

hypophysal placode gives rise to

Answer 31

rathke's pouch

Question 32

the olfatory placodes give rise to

Answer 32

epithelium of the nasal cavity

Question 33

the ventrolateral placode gives rise to

Answer 33

ganglia of CN VII, IX and X

Question 34

dorsalateral placode gives rise to

Answer 34

otic placodes (membranous labyrinth, spiral and vestibular ganglia)

Question 35

intermediate placode gives rise to

Answer 35

profundal and trigeminal placodes-trigeminal ganglia

Question 36

when does the primary palate begin to from

Answer 36

5th week but is NOT complete till the 12th week

Question 37

primary plate

Answer 37

triangular shape forms premaxillary part of maxilla holds incisor teeth

Question 38

when does the secondary palate begin to form

Answer 38

6th week

Question 39

when can anamolies of face and palate be detectected

Answer 39

second trimester

Question 40

acrania

Answer 40

no calvaria, often associated with anencephaly

Question 41

craniosyntosis

Answer 41

premature closure of the sutures- skull with different shapes

Question 42

scaphocephaly

Answer 42

saggital suture closes early- skull is long and narrow

Question 43

oxycepahly

Answer 43

coronal suture closes early, skull is tall

Question 44

plagiocephaly

Answer 44

assymatric close, skull is twisted and can result in dysfunction of cranial nerves IX and X

Question 45

microcephaly

Answer 45

fontanelles close early and sutures close during first year, a CNS defect where the brain and calvaria fail to grow

Question 46

choanal atresia

Answer 46

nasal cavity is NOT continuous with pharynx, blocked by nasal epithelium

Question 47

choanal atresia is part of

Answer 47

CHARGE association

Question 48

CHARGE

Answer 48

``` coloboma of iris heart defect atreasia of chonae retarded growth genitourinary anaomaly ear defect ```

Question 49

microstomia

Answer 49

excessive merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

Question 50

cleft lip

Answer 50

only the lip and may be bilateral occurs in various degrees

Question 51

anterior cleft

Answer 51

cleft that involves albeolar part of maxilla, anterior incisive foramen; deficit of maxillary prominence and intermaxillary segment

Question 52

posterior cleft

Answer 52

secondary palate involvement, extends through soft and hard palate, defective development of the secondary palate, mild cases involve ONLY the uvula

Question 53

median cleft

Answer 53

failure of medial nasal prominences to merge and form intermaxillary segmentl characteristic of mohr syndrome

Question 54

median cleft of lower lip

Answer 54

rare; failure of mandibular prominence to fuse

Question 55

oblique facial cleft

Answer 55

from upper lip to medial margin of the orbit

Question 56

cranioschisis

Answer 56

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

Question 57

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

Answer 57

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 58

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

Answer 58

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

Question 59

cranioschisis

Answer 59

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

Question 59

cranioschisis

Answer 59

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

Question 60

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

Answer 60

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 60

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

Answer 60

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 61

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

Answer 61

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

Question 61

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

Answer 61

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

Question 62

cranioschisis

Answer 62

cranial vault fails to form and brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid degenerates caused by failure of the neuropore to close

Question 63

cartilagenous neurocranium or chondrocraium is derived from

Answer 63

neural crest and paraxial mesoderm

Question 64

difference between positional head deformity and unilambdoid synostosis

Answer 64

for positional head deformity it has isilateral flattening, and frontal bossing and forward ear for unilambdoid synostis, contralateral bossing, isilateral ear posterior, isilatera flattening

Question 65

the frontal nasal prominence gives rise to

Answer 65

forehead, bridge of nose, medial and lateral nasal prominences

Question 66

maxillary prominence gives rise to

Answer 66

cheeks, lateral portion of upper lip

Question 67

medial nasal prominence gives rise to

Answer 67

philtrum of upper lip, crest, and tip of nose

Question 68

lateral nasal prominence gives rise to

Answer 68

alae of nose

Question 69

mandibular prominence give rise to

Answer 69

lower lip