development of the genital system

Question 1

when does the determination of sex occur ?

Answer 1

at fertilizations (determined by male gamete)

Question 2

if the germ cells fail to reach the genital ridges

Answer 2

gonads do not

Question 3

What forms the primitive sex cords ?

Answer 3

coelomic epithelium proliferates and penetrates the mesenchyme to form primitive sex cords

Question 4

3 contributions to the gonads ?

Answer 4

germ cells (endoderm)
coelomic epithelium
mesenchymal cells (Ct)

Question 5

development of the testes is induced by what gene

Answer 5

sry

Question 6

what does the the sry gene encode

Answer 6

Testis dermining factor (TDF)

Question 7

What does TDF cause

Answer 7

sex cords proliferate to form testis
cords grow into a network that will give rise to rete testes
tunica albuginea seperates cords from surface epithlieum

Question 8

seminiferous cords form

Answer 8

seminiferous tubules (sertoli cells and spermatogonia) straight tubules, rete tests and mesenchymal cells

Question 9

what do mesenchymal cells form

Answer 9

leydig cells that produce testerone in week 8

Question 10

which gonad develops first

Answer 10

right

Question 11

descent of the testes is associated with

Answer 11

enlargement of the testes
atrophy of the mesonephric kidney
atrophy of the paramesonephric ducts
enlargement of the processus vaginalis

Question 12

the gubernaculum attached to the uterus becomes what

Answer 12

ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

Question 13

canal of nuck

Answer 13

persistent processus vaginalis in female

Question 14

mesonephric duct

Answer 14

duct of the intermediate kidney

Question 15

paramesonephric duct

Answer 15

a longitudinal derivative of epithleium of the urogenital ridge; cranially the duct opens into the coelomic cavity; caudally the two ducts join and fuse together

Question 16

the development of the genital ducts is controlled by

Answer 16

TDF

Question 17

mullerian inhibiting factor

Answer 17

produced by sertoli cells and inhibit development of the mullerian duct

Question 18

testosterone

Answer 18

produced by leydig cells and stimulate continued development of the mullerian duct

Question 19

the mesoneprhic duct gives rise to

Answer 19

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle

Question 20

in males the _________ regresses and the ________ perisists

Answer 20

mullerian, mesonephric

Question 21

what are the remnants of mullerian ducts

Answer 21

appendix of testi (paradidymuss) and protatic utricle

Question 22

paramesonephric duct gives rise to what in females

Answer 22

uterine tube, uterus and superior part of vagina

Question 23

remnants of the mesonephric ducts in females

Answer 23

epoophoron+ paraoophoron and the gartner’s cyst

Question 24

gartner’s syst

Answer 24

scattering of tiny remnants of the mesonephric duct that remain near the vagina

Question 25

the vaginal epithlium arises from

Answer 25

endoderm of the UG sinus,

Question 26

the fibromuscular wall of the vagina arises from

Answer 26

surrounding mesenchyme

Question 27

sinovaginal bulbes fuse to form

Answer 27

vaginal plate (hymen)

Question 28

upper portion of vagina derived from

Answer 28

paramesonephric ducts

Question 29

lower portion of the vagina derived from

Answer 29

urogenital sinus

Question 30

the indifferent gonad becomes what in females and males

Answer 30

testes in males and ovary in females

Question 31

the gubernaculum becomes what in f and m

Answer 31

gubernaculum testes | ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

Question 32

genital tubercle becomes what in males and females

Answer 32

males-penis | females-clitoris

Question 33

urogenital folds become what in males and females

Answer 33

labia mainora in females and penis in males

Question 34

genital swellings become what in males and females

Answer 34

scrotum | labia majora

Question 35

phenotypic sex is determined over a long period of time during development and depends on

Answer 35

MIF, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and critical timing

Question 36

turner syndrome

Answer 36

45 X0, germ cells degenerate after reaching gonadal ridge; ovaries do NOT form but rather ovarian streaks form

Question 37

migration of germ cells during week 2

Answer 37

arise from the epiblast

Question 38

week 3 migration of germ cells

Answer 38

yolk sac

Question 39

week 5 migration of germ cells

Answer 39

migration through dorsal mesentery of the hindgut

Question 40

week 6 migration of germ cells

Answer 40

arrive at the genital ridge

Question 41

what does the seminiferous tubules form

Answer 41

sertoli cells and spermatogonia

Question 42

what do the mesenchymal cells from

Answer 42

leydig cells that produce testosterone in week 8

Question 43

INFANnital tubercle becomes what in females

Answer 43

clitoris

Question 44

genitcal tubercle becomes what in males

Answer 44

penis

Question 45

the urethrla groove becomes what in males

Answer 45

penile urethral

Question 46

urthral groove becomes wat in females

Answer 46

vestibule

Question 47

urogenital sinus becomes what in males

Answer 47

bladder, urethra, and prostate

Question 48

urogenical sinus becomes what in females

Answer 48

bladder urethra, portions of the vagina and vestibular glands

Question 49

what are the four stages of development of the reproductive system

Answer 49

development of the sexually indifferent goand, development of the ovary/testis, development of genital ducts, development of external genitalia

Question 50

what week does reproductive development start

Answer 50

week 5

Question 51

gonads are derived from

Answer 51

intermediate mesoderm, mesenchyme, and primordial germ cells

Question 52

when do the primordial germ cells invade the gonadal ridges

Answer 52

week 6

Question 53

uterus didelphys

Answer 53

double uterus with double vagina

Question 54

uternus bicornis

Answer 54

two uteri,one vagina

Question 55

weeks 9-12

Answer 55

external genitalia

Question 56

klinefelter syndrome

Answer 56

47xxy male, but small testes, tall intellegence affected

Question 57

androgen insensitivyt syndrome

Answer 57

46 XY but appear as normal females, resissteance to testosterone defect in androgen receptor

Question 58

hydrocele

Answer 58

processus vginalis doesn't close and accumulates fluid, usually spontaneously closes in a few days

Question 59

cryptoorchidism

Answer 59

undescended testes

Question 60

hypospadias

Answer 60

external urethral opening on ventral side

Question 61

epispadias

Answer 61

external urethral opening on dorsal aspect of penis