Developmental Anomalies

Question 1

what is hypodontia?

Answer 1

missing teeth as a result of them failing to develop

Question 2

what is anodontia?

Answer 2

total lack of teeth

Question 3

what is oligodontia?

Answer 3

more than 6 teeth are absent

Question 4

what are supernumeries?

Answer 4

extra teeth

Question 5

what is a mesiodens?

Answer 5

extra tooth in the midline
normally peg shaped

Question 6

what are suplemental teeth?

Answer 6

extral teeth that look like normal teeth

Question 7

what is a conical supernumery?

Answer 7

extra tooth that looks like a cone, can be inverted and migrate

Question 8

what is a tuberculate supernumery?

Answer 8

extra teeth that possesses more than one cusp or barrel shaped

Question 9

what is microdontia? what tooth is most affected?

Answer 9

small tooth, including peg shaped teeth

lateral incisors most affected

Question 10

Question 11

macrodontia

what are double teeth

Answer 11

either
fusion of two separate tooth germs
or
two teeth develop from one tooth germ (gemination)

Question 12

how to tell the difference clinically between double teeth from fusion or gemination

Answer 12

if fusion then one less tooth

if gemination then extra crown

Question 13

this shows double teeth

Question 14

what is dens en dente

Answer 14

localised area of crown folded inwards

also called dens invaginatus

Question 15

clinical implication of dens en dente

Answer 15

caries risk so important to spot

Question 16

what is this?

Answer 16

dens en dente

Question 17

what is a talon cusp?

Answer 17

evagination (projection) of the tooth

Question 18

remember
talon cusps can have its own pulp -> don’t use high speed to shave down

Question 19

Question 20

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 20

Defects in the function of ameloblasts and mineralisation of enamel matrix

Question 21

what are the two categories for amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 21

hypoplastic
hypomineralised

Question 22

describe hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 22

thin, but hard enamel with normal bond strength

Question 23

what is the clinical appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 23

thin, patchy rough aspect of the enamel layer
teeth different shape

Question 24

what is the radiographic appearance of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 24

hypoplasia of the enamel layer (not developed properly)

Question 25

what is the difference between generalised and localised hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 25

localised is limited to part of the crown

Question 26

what is this

Answer 26

hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta as teeth different shape

Question 27

what is hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 27

full thickness enamel, but very soft with impaired bond strength

Question 28

what are the two types of hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 28

hypocalcified hypomature

Question 29

what is the clinical appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 29

enamel only on the cervical part after eruption

Question 30

what is the radiographic appearance of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 30

normal enamel thickness before eruption. Enamel radiolucency slightly higher than dentine

Question 31

what is the clinical appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 31

chalky appearance with orange, brown or white colour

Question 32

what is the radiographic appearance of hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 32

normal enamel thickness, radiolucency slightly higher than dentine

Question 33

what is this?

Answer 33

hypomaturature amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 34

what is this?

Answer 34

hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta as normal shape but broken down after eruption

Question 35

what are the categories of dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 35

type I, II and III

Question 36

what is type I dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 36

associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (weak bones) Teeth are difficult to restore and don’t want to remove them

Question 37

what is type II dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 37

dentinogenesis on its own - not associated with anything else

Question 38

what is type III dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 38

"Brandywine isolate" another form of type II that is slightly rarer

Question 39

what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in primary dentition?

Answer 39

Colour: amber Attrition: worn teeth due to tooth on tooth contact Pulp obliteration Spontaneous abscesses

Question 40

what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta in permanent dentition?

Answer 40

Colour: grey/translucent Short roots Pulp obliteration Spontaneous abscesses

Question 41

what are the main clinical problems with dentinogenesis imperfecta?

Answer 41

Poor aesthetics Chipping enamel Exposure of dentine Poor OH Pain and infection, pulpal necrosis

Question 42

what is this?

Answer 42

dentinogenesis imperfecta (type 1)

Question 43

what is this?

Answer 43

dentinogenesis imperfecta (type 1)

Question 44

what is this?

Answer 44

dentinogenesis imperfecta short roots (type II)

Question 45

what is this?

Answer 45

dentinogenesis imperfecta short roots (type II)

Question 46

what is Molar incisor hypomineralisation?

Answer 46

Developmental defect in enamel structure (less mineral) due to disruption to late stage of amelogenesis

Question 47

clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation

Answer 47

Demarcated enamel opacities, ranging in colour from white to yellow/brown Can appear hypoplastic Patient c/o breakdown of teeth, sensitivity, aesthetic concerns, failed restorations

Question 48

what is this?

Answer 48

molar incisor hypomineralisation

Question 49

what causes dental fluorosis?

Answer 49

Digestion of high fluoride concentrations during amelogenesis

Question 50

clinical presentation of dental fluorosis

Answer 50

Irregular enamel opacities, stained if severe

Question 51

what is this?

Answer 51

fluorosis

Question 52

what is turner's tooth?

Answer 52

Hypoplastic enamel of successional resulting from trauma/infection of a primary tooth

Question 53

what is this?

Answer 53

turner's tooth

Question 54

what is dilaceration of tooth? cause?

Answer 54

Sharp bend or angulation in crown/root Results from trauma of primary tooth disrupting developing successor

Question 55

what is this?

Answer 55

dilaceration of tooth

Question 56

what are metabolic abnormalities?

Answer 56

treatment or illness induced

Question 57

what is in the category quantitative developmental abnormalities?

Answer 57

hypodontia supernumeries

Question 58

what is in the category developmental abnormalities: size and shape?

Answer 58

microdontia macrodontia: double teeth, dens en dente, talon cusps

Question 59

what is in the category hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?

Answer 59

amelogenesis imperfecta dentinogenesis imperfecta

Question 60

what is in the category non-hereditary structural developmental abnormalities?

Answer 60

molar incisor hypomineralisation dental fluorosis tuner's tooth dilaceration of tooth metabolic abnormalities