Malocclusion

Question 1

what counts as normal occlusion?

Answer 1

minor deviations from the ideal that do not constitute aesthetic or functional problems

Question 2

what is malocclusion?

Answer 2

appreciable deviations from the ideal that may be considered aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory

Question 3

what is an overbite?

Answer 3

vertical overlap

Question 4

what is an overjet?

Answer 4

horizontal overlap

Question 5

Question 6

what are the 2 occlusal classifications

Answer 6

angles molar classification
British standard institutes incisor classification

Question 7

what is class I angles molar classification?

Answer 7

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 in line with anterior buccal groove of lower 6

Question 8

what is class II angles molar classification?

Answer 8

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 anterior to anterior buccal groove of lower 6

Question 9

what is class III angles molar classification?

Answer 9

mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 posterior to anterior buccal groove of lower 6

Question 10

what is class I incisor classification?

Answer 10

lower incisal edge occludes with or just below cingulum plateau of upper 1

Question 11

what is class II incisor classification?

Answer 11

lower incisal edge lies posterior to cingulum plateau of upper 1

Question 12

what is class II div I incisor classification?

Answer 12

overjet is increased and upper 1s normally proclined

Question 13

what is class II div II incisor classification?

Answer 13

overjet is minimal and upper 1s normally retroclined

Question 14

what is class III incisor classification?

Answer 14

lower incisal edge occludes anterior to cingulum plateau of upper 1

Question 15

what skeletal factors cause malocclusion?

Answer 15

anteroposterior -> maxilla/mandible defficient/excess

vertical -> increased/decreased lower face height

transverse -> narrowed maxilla

cleft lip and palate -> class III

Question 16

what skeletal factors cause postero-anterior malocclusion (class II and III)?

Answer 16

mandible excess or deficient
maxilla excess or deficient

Question 17

what tells us if the mandible or maxilla is in excess or deficient?

Answer 17

cephalometric testing

Question 18

what causes an increased frankfurt horizontal line?

Answer 18

Anterior open bite
Tongue thrust

Question 19

how is increased or decreased lower face height clinically estimated?

Answer 19

by looking at Frankfurt horizontal plane and the line of the lower jaw. They should meet at the back of the skull

Question 20

what causes skeletal transverse malocclusion?

Answer 20

maxilla is narrowed relative to mandible
causing cross-bite

Question 21

how is a narrowed maxilla treated?

Answer 21

maxillary expansion

Question 22

what is supernumeraries?

Answer 22

too many teeth

Question 23

what is the most common form of supernumeraries?

Answer 23

conical supernumerary -> tooth between upper 1s

Question 24

what is oligodontia?

Answer 24

too little teeth

Question 25

what is the most common form of oligodontia?

Answer 25

upper 2s and lower 5s and 1s

Question 26

what genetic condition is linked to oligodontia?

Answer 26

Ectodermal dysplasia also linked to less hair and sweat glands

Question 27

what is common transposition in the upper arch?

Answer 27

canine erupted in front of 6

Question 28

what is common transposition in the lower arch?

Answer 28

canine erupting between 1 and 2

Question 29

what is gemination?

Answer 29

Two teeth develop from one tooth germ

Question 30

what is macrodont?

Answer 30

huge tooth e.g. central incisor

Question 31

what is odontome?

Answer 31

abnormal crown morphology e.g. of a canine

Question 32

what can cause loss of permanent teeth?

Answer 32

Trauma Compromised teeth e.g. extra cusp

Question 33

what is submergence of deciduous teeth?

Answer 33

Deciduous tooth fused to cortical bone, tooth progressively submerges, rest of teeth develop and the tooth becomes burried

Question 34

early loss of deciduous teeth causes what?

Answer 34

mesial drift: e.g. E lost early, 6 drift mesially so 5 unable to erupt

Question 35

what problem does retention of deciduous teeth cause?

Answer 35

permanent teeth unable to erupt, remove tooth, make space and expose permanent tooth

Question 36

what does a tongue thrust cause?

Answer 36

Occlusion posteriorly but teeth don’t meet anteriorly

Question 37

what is an adaptive tongue thrust?

Answer 37

On swallowing the tongue thrusts forward to create an anterior seal

Question 38

what is endogenous tongue thrust?

Answer 38

tongue thrust not adapting to malocclusion

Question 39

what does digit sucking do?

Answer 39

Proclined upper incisors Retroclined lower incisors

Question 40

what does a fleshy frenum cause?

Answer 40

Usually in maxillary arch and causes a median diastema