Digestion and Abs II Flashcards

(31 cards)

0
Q

once lipids are in the enterocyte they are ____ and then packaged into ____

A

re-esterified, chylomicrons

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1
Q

the chylomicron has a ___ coat over it

A

lipoprotein

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2
Q

in the liver, the lipids will be made into ____

A

VLDL, LDL, and HDLs

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3
Q

when you eat a meal, the bile cycles approx. ___ times. It cycles more if ___

A

3-6 times, there is a lot of fat

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4
Q

in the terminal ilium, the reabsorption of conjugated bile is via _____

A

secondary active transport with sodium

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5
Q

____ bile can diffuse into the cell because ____

A

unconjugated, it is lipophilic

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6
Q

____ bile cannot be reabsorbed

A

secondary

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7
Q

in the jejunum, sodium comes in the cells as ___ goes out. This is possible because of ___

A

H+, carbonic anhydrase

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8
Q

as Na is absorbed, ___ also comes in to preserve electro-neutrality

A

Cl-

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9
Q

if iron is in the ____ form, it can diffuse in

A

hemin

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10
Q

once iron is absorbed, it is ____ for ____ or ____ and ____ to be taken to the ____

A

bound to ferritin for storage, taken out of the cell by IREG1 and bound to transferrin, liver or bone marrow

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11
Q

we take in ___ of iron per day

A

3 mg

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12
Q

how do we usually lose iron on a daily basis?

A

sloughing off of enterocytes

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13
Q

iron is bound because ___

A

it is toxic

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14
Q

calcium is bound because ____

A

many systems use it as a 2nd messenger

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15
Q

in the cell, calcium is bound to ____

16
Q

calcium gets out of the cell via ____ and a ____

A

ATPase, Ca/3Na exchanger

17
Q

Vitamin D3 helps get calcium into the kidneys and enterocytes by ____ and ___

A

increasing the binding sites, increasing the Calcium ATPase

18
Q

___% of calcium in the blood is bound and ___% is free

19
Q

in the ____ calcium doesn’t have to be bound, but in the ____ it does have to be bound

20
Q

in the mouth, B12 is protected by ____

A

TC-1 (transcobalamin 1)

21
Q

in the stomach, B12 is protected by ___

A

intrinsic factor

22
Q

in the lumen of the small intestine, the trypsin cleaves the ____ of B12, and ___ will bind

A

TC-1, intrinsic factor

23
Q

when intrinsic factor binds, the B12 forms a ___

24
in the ____ a receptor recognizes the B12 dimer and intercalate it into the cell
terminal ileum
25
when the B12 leaves the cell, it binds to \_\_\_
TC-2
26
a type of good bacteria, can process plant polysaccharides making products (Vitamin K and biotin) which can diffuse through the intestinal lining
bifidobacteria
27
\_\_\_\_\_ can cause infection if abscesses occur and have been implicated in initiation of colon cancer and possibly colitis. These are good at \_\_\_\_
bacteroides, becoming resistant to antibiotics
28
the highest percentage (\_\_\_%) of total solids in feces is \_\_\_\_
30%, bacteria
29
inorganic materials (\_\_) account for \_\_\_% of solid waste in feces
calcium and phosphates, 15%
30
fat accounts for \_\_\_% of total solids in the feces and come from \_\_\_
5, desquamated intestinal cells