digestive system

Question 1

examples of mechanical digestion and/or propulsion

Answer 1

peristalsis
swallowing
segmentation
mastication
bile salts

Question 2

examples of chemical digestion

Answer 2

salivary amylase
pepsin
pancreatic lipase

Question 3

what are the accessory organs in the digestive system

Answer 3

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gallbladder

Question 4

what organs are involved in digestive tract in the digestive system

Answer 4

oral cavity
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
large intestine
rectum

Question 5

what is the anatomical order of structures during digestion?

Answer 5

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus

Question 6

What is segmentation?

Answer 6

Localized contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle that help to mix food and secretions

Question 7

how many secondary teeth are in the upper jaw?

Answer 7

16

Question 8

what is the villus

Answer 8

finger like fold of the villus found in the small intestine

Question 9

which tissue lines small intestine?

Answer 9

simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

what is the lacteal?

Answer 10

small lymphatic vessel within the villus

Question 11

whats the goblet cell?

Answer 11

single celled mucus glands

Question 12

what is the name of the inward fold of the intestinal mucosa

Answer 12

intestinal gland

Question 13

what does the lymphatic vessel in the intestine do?

Answer 13

carry lymph

Question 14

what’s the role of the arteriole in the small intestine?

Answer 14

small vessel that carries blood towards the villi

Question 15

what’s the role of the venule in the small intestine?

Answer 15

small vessel that carries blood away from the villi

Question 16

what structures are associated with the large intestine?

Answer 16

rectum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
cecum

Question 17

what structures are associagted with the small intestine?

Answer 17

jejunum
ileum
duodenum

Question 18

which secretions enters the GI tract from the mouth?

Answer 18

salivary amylase

Question 19

which secretions enter the GI tract from the stomach?

Answer 19

pepsinogen
HCl
gastric lipaxe
intrinsic factor

Question 20

which secretions enter the GI tract from the duodenum?

Answer 20

pancreatic amylase
bile
trypsin
chymotrypsin
pancreatic lipase

Question 21

what leads to bile secretion?

Answer 21

• chyme with fat enters the duodenum
• cholecystokinin CCK secreted
• CCK stimulate gallbladder wall to contract
• bile moves through ducts to duodenum
• hepatopancreatic sphincter relaxes

Question 22

step 1 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 22

• the tongue makes the food into a bolus

Question 23

step 2 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 23

• the tongue pushes the newly formed mass towards and into the pharynx

Question 24

step 3 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 24

• a relflex occurs that elevates the soft palate closing off the nasal cavity

Question 25

step 4 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 25

- the epiglottis closes off the top of the larynx so food doesnt enter the trachea

Question 26

step 5 of the process of deglutition (swallowing)?

Answer 26

peristaltic wave moves the food down the esophagus to the stomach

Question 27

After absorption from the digestive tract, all monosaccharides are converted by liver enzymes to __________.

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

What is the primary use of triglycerides by the body?

Answer 28

energy source

Question 29

What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?

Answer 29

- precursor for some hormones - precursor for bile salts - structural component of cell membranes

Question 30

In order for an amino acid to be used for fuel or to produce glucose, it must first undergo __________.

Answer 30

deamination

Question 31

What is a complete protein?

Answer 31

A dietary protein that provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acids to maintain life and support growth

Question 32

which reflex moves feces into rectum out the body

Answer 32

defecation reflex

Question 33

how does the defecation reflex work?

Answer 33

- feces are moved into the rectum by peristaltic waves or increased internal abdominal pressure - internal anal sphincter relaxes - another reflex occurs where spinal cord assists in increasing abdominal pressure and squeezing the rectum - external anal sphincter relaxes - feces move out

Question 34

In the small intestine, _______ impulses stimulate peristaltic movements while ________ impulses inhibit movements.

Answer 34

parasympathetic sympathetic

Question 35

digestive process

Answer 35

- begins with ingestion of food - food is digested - once food is broken down into chemical subunits absorption occurs - indigestible residues and some non-reabsorbed secretions of the digestive organs, are moved into the large intestine, where fluids are removed and a semi-solid mass is created. - finally defecation

Question 36

what is digestion

Answer 36

Breaking down food, first mechanically and then chemically

Question 37

why does absorption occur

Answer 37

move nutrients from digestive tract into blood or lymph

Question 38

which minerals are important electrolytes for muscle and nerve function

Answer 38

sodium potassium calcium

Question 39

The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus of food into the __________. This process is a(n) __________ action.

Answer 39

1. oropharynx 2. voluntary

Question 40

What is the correct order of vessels as blood flows through the liver?

Answer 40

Sinusoids, central vein, hepatic vein

Question 41

What are functions of saliva?

Answer 41

- cleanses mouth and teeth - dissolves molecules so they can be tasted - aids in swallowing

Question 42

Nerve impulses from the __________ nervous system elicit the secretion of a large volume of watery saliva when a person sees, smells, tastes, or even thinks about appealing food.

Answer 42

parasympathetic

Question 43

Increased peristaltic activity in the small intestine is due to __________ nervous stimulation and distension of the __________ wall.

Answer 43

parasympathetic stomach

Question 44

What is an effect of secretin on the pancreas?

Answer 44

The pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice.