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Biomed > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

ability to maintain a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external or internal environmen

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2
Q

what does homeostasis involve

A

communication and coordination between the nervous system and the endocrine system

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3
Q

what do the glands of endocrine system secrete?

A

chemical substances that are collectively known as hormones

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4
Q

what is the function of hormones?

A

diffuse into the bloodstream and communicate with distant cells called target cells.

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5
Q

what are paracrine secretions

A

substances travel in the interstitial fluid and affect neighboring cells

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6
Q

what are autocrine secretions

A

chemical secretions affect only the secreting cell.

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7
Q

how are the chemical substances secreted from a cell and delivered to another cell

A

bodily fluids

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8
Q

what do endocrine glands secrete?

A

testosterone
cortisol
ADH
insulin
oxytocin

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9
Q

what to exocrine glands secrete?

A

sweat
mucus
pancreatic juice
bile
saliva

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10
Q

what produces antidiuretic hormone

A

posterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

how is ADH transported to target cells

A

through blood

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12
Q

Why are both the kidneys and blood vessels able to respond to ADH?

A

They both have target cells with ADH receptors.

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13
Q

function of Thyroxine

A

Affects metabolic processes to increase energy & growth

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14
Q

which gland produce thyroxine?

A

thyroid gland

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15
Q

function of Calcitonin

A

Decreases calcium & phosphate levels in blood

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16
Q

which gland produces calcitonin

A

thyroid gland

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17
Q

function of Parathyroid hormone

A

increases calcium & phosphate levels in blood

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18
Q

which gland produces parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland

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19
Q

function of Epinephrine & norepinephrine

A

Actions are similar to the sympathetic response

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20
Q

which gland produces Epinephrine & norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

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21
Q

function of Aldosterone

A

Regulates electrolytes in the blood

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22
Q

which gland produces aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

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23
Q

function of Cortisol

A

Affects glucose metabolism

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24
Q

which gland secretes cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

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25
Q

function of Adrenal androgens

A

Supplements the major sex hormones

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26
Q

which gland secretes adrenal androgens

A

adrenal cortex

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27
Q

function of Insulin

A

Decreases blood glucose levels, increases anabolic processess

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28
Q

which gland secretes insulin

A

pancreas

29
Q

function of Glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels, increases catabolic processes

30
Q

which gland secretes glucagon

A

pancreas

31
Q

function of anterior lobe

A

regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the hormones that it produces

32
Q

what hormones does posterior pituitary lobe release?

A

oxytocin
ADH

33
Q

function of oxytocin

A

Affects muscle contraction of uterus & mammary glands

34
Q

function of ADH

A

Causes kidneys to conserve water

35
Q

what hormones does anterior pituitary lobe release?

A

growth hormone
FSH
LH
thyroid stimualting hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
prolactin

36
Q

function of FSH

A

Stimulates development of eggs & sperm

37
Q

function of LH

A

Controls secretions from ovaries & testes

38
Q

function of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Controls thyroid gland secretions

39
Q

function of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Controls adrenal cortex secretions

40
Q

function of prolactin

A

Sustains milk production after birth

41
Q

function of growth hormone

A

Increases size and division rate of body cells

42
Q

which gland sits on top of kidney

A

adrenal

43
Q

which gland is found in pelvis

A

ovaries

44
Q

which gland is attached to the small intestines

A

pancreas

45
Q

which gland is found in the neck

A

thyroid

46
Q

which gland is found in the brain

A

pituitary

47
Q

What is the correct order of hormones released during a stress response (general adaptation syndrome)?

A

CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone) → ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) → cortisol

48
Q

What organ controls the response to stress (general adaptation syndrome)?

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q

what are prostaglandins

A

a group of compounds with powerful effects produced from a particular type of fatty acid

50
Q

what type of hormone enters a cell directly?

A

steroid

51
Q

what type of hormone has its receptor inside the cell?

A

steroid

52
Q

what type of hormone stimulates transcription of DNA?

A

steroid

53
Q

what type of hormone has its receptor on the cell membrane?

A

non steroid

54
Q

what type of hormone causes metabolic changes in the cell?

A

steroid and non steroid hormone

55
Q

how are steroid hormones classified?

A

hormones synthesized from cholesterol

56
Q

how are amines, peptides, or proteins classified?

A

hormones synthesized from amino acids

57
Q

what do gonadotropins do?

A

causes the pituitary gland to make and secrete the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

58
Q

what type of tissue is the anterior pituitary

A

glandular

59
Q

what is a glandular tissue?

A

a type of tissue that lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucous, digestive juices, and other fluids.

60
Q

how is the anterior pituitary stimulated?

A

by the hypothalamus via hormones that travel through the hypophyseal portal system.

61
Q

what’s the role of cell bodies in the hypothalamus

A

synthesize hormones that pass down axons and are stored in the posterior pituitary

62
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

In the mediastinum

63
Q

how are hormones regulated?

A

neural control -> nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones
hormonal control -> one hormone stimulates the release of another hormone
humoral control -> concentration of substance in the blood

64
Q

Which organs are components of the endocrine system as they produce hormones?

A

pineal gland
thymus gland
reproductive organs
digestive tract
heart and kidneys

65
Q

function of pineal gland

A

regulate circadian rhythm

66
Q

What hormone is involved with the development of immunity?

A

thymosin

67
Q

what gland produces melatonin?

A

pineal gland

68
Q

What body systems does the parathyroid hormone target?

A

skeletal
urinary
digestive

69
Q

What hormone is released in response to low oxygen levels in the blood due to low red-blood-cell count?

A

erythropoietin

Biomed (59 decks)

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