respiratory

Question 1

What event initiates the process of inspiration?

Answer 1

Contraction of the diaphragm

Question 2

what is the relationship between alveolar volume and alveolar pressure

Answer 2

As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure decreases.

Question 3

how does air move during ventilation

Answer 3

Air moves along a pressure gradient
from high pressure to low pressure until equilibrium is reached

Question 4

Which way does air flow when alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?

Answer 4

out lungs

Question 5

what initiates the start of inspiration

Answer 5

respiratory centre sends an impulse via the phrenic nerves

Question 6

process of inspiration

Answer 6

• diaphragm contract and move down
• volume of thoracic cavity increases
• pressure in alveoli decreases (759mmHg)
• atmospheric pressure > alveolar pressure
• air moves into lungs

Question 7

what initiates the start of expiration

Answer 7

respiratory centre stops the phrenic nerves neural impulses

Question 8

process of expiration

Answer 8

• diaphragm relaxes and moves up
• thoracic volume decreases
• alveolar pressure increases (761mmHg)
• atmospheric pressure < alveolar pressure
• air moves out lungs

Question 9

What determines the direction of gas movement?

Answer 9

Partial pressure differences

Question 10

where do pulmonary veins carry oxygen rich blood

Answer 10

from the lungs to the heart and the heart would pump the blood out to the body.

Question 11

the net diffusion of oxygen out of the blood occurs during which phase of respiration?

Answer 11

Internal respiration

Question 12

what is respiration

Answer 12

• primary function of the respiratory system
• provide oxygen needed by cells to metabolize nutrient molecules
• expel carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism.

Question 13

what is ventilation

Answer 13

• process of bringing the gases into and out of the body
• fresh air is added to air already in the lungs.

Question 14

what is external respiration

Answer 14

• exchange of the gases between the alveolar air (lungs) and the blood
• gases transported by the blood to all the cells of the body

Question 15

what is internal respiration

Answer 15

gas exchange between blood and tissue

Question 16

what is cellular respiration

Answer 16

• use of oxygen for metabolic reactions within cells
• oxygen used by the tissue cells
• production of carbon dioxide and ATP

Question 17

In what direction do gas molecules diffuse at the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries?

Answer 17

O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

Question 18

what is the epiglottis

Answer 18

flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat
covers entry to airways

Question 19

what’s the voice box

Answer 19

larynx

Question 20

which features are located in the nasal cavity

Answer 20

conchae

Question 21

which features are located in the larynx

Answer 21

epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
vocal folds
glottis

Question 22

which features are located in the pharynx

Answer 22

palatine tonsil
opening of auditory tube
naso, oro, laryngo, segments

Question 23

which bone contain paranasal sinuses?

Answer 23

Zygomatic bone

Question 24

what is the zygomatic bone

Answer 24

pair of bones on each upper side of the face that forms the cheek and part of the eye socket.

Question 25

function of zygomatic bone

Answer 25

give shape and structure to the face and are connected to the jaw and bones near the ears, forehead, and skull

Question 26

what is the frontal bone

Answer 26

unpaired bone that is a part of the boney structure

Question 27

function of the frontal bone

Answer 27

forms the anterior and superior portions of the skull

Question 28

what is the nasal bone

Answer 28

two paired nasal bones with the ascending process of the maxilla make up the bony vault (upper third) of the nose

Question 29

what is the sphenoid bone

Answer 29

twenty-two bones comprising the skull, positioned centrally within the cranial cavity, it lies posterior to the frontal bone and anterior to the occipital bone.

Question 30

function of the sphenoid bone

Answer 30

connect the neurocranium to the facial skeleton

Question 31

what is the maxillary bone

Answer 31

crucial bone in the midface that provides essential structural support and separates the nasal and oral cavities

Question 32

function of the maxillary bone

Answer 32

It forms the upper jaw and contains the maxillary sinus

Question 33

function of the epiglottis

Answer 33

covers the laryngeal opening during swallowing

Question 34

what is the thyroid cartilage

Answer 34

largest cartilage in the larynx

Question 35

what is the cricoid cartilage

Answer 35

only cartilage of the respiratory tract that is a complete ring

Question 36

what is the tracheal cartilages

Answer 36

C-shaped cartilage rings.

Question 37

During inspiration, the pressure within the lungs is _______ than atmospheric pressure.

Answer 37

lower

Question 38

During expiration, the pressure within the lungs is _______ than atmospheric pressure.

Answer 38

higher

Question 39

What is the role of surfactant?

Answer 39

To reduce surface tension within the fluid lining the alveoli

Question 40

Where is the ventral respiratory group located?

Answer 40

In the medulla oblongata in the brain

Question 41

What layers make up the respiratory membrane?

Answer 41

Alveolar wall, capillary wall, and the basement membranes of each

Question 42

How is the majority of oxygen transported in the blood?

Answer 42

Bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin

Question 43

what are the three major cartilages of the larynx

Answer 43

thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottal cartilage.

Question 44

Where does gas exchange between inspired air and blood occur?

Answer 44

alveoli

Question 45

what happens when the peripheral chemoreceptors detect low oxygen levels

Answer 45

they stimulate the respiratory areas of the brain to increase breathing rate.

Question 46

what is the segment of the respiratory tract that functions as a passageway for both food and air

Answer 46

pharynx

Question 47

What is the effect of bronchoconstriction on airflow in the lungs?

Answer 47

Decreased airflow

Question 48

what is emphysema

Answer 48

The degenerative lung disease characterized by a breakdown of alveoli and diminishing surface area available for gas exchange.

Question 49

what would increase the rate of diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane

Answer 49

- Greater partial pressure gradients for the gases - Increased surface area of the respiratory membrane - Thinner respiratory membrane

Question 50

Ventilating a patient with tracheotomy bypasses what parts of their respiratory system?

Answer 50

pharynx lobar bronchi