joints and muscle tissue

Question 1

what kind of joint is the pubis symphysis

Answer 1

Cartilaginous joint

Question 2

What type of joint is comprised mainly of dense connective tissue?

Answer 2

fibrous joints

Question 3

What type of joint has limited movement and is comprised mostly of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 3

Cartilaginous joints

Question 4

characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 4

• dense connective tissue
• no movement
• in the cranium

Question 5

characteristics of cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

• small amount of movement
• cartilage joins bones

Question 6

characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 6

• most common joints in body
• six subtypes
• ample movement allowed

Question 7

what is flexion

Answer 7

movement that decreases the joint angle between two body parts

Question 8

what is dorsiflexion

Answer 8

raising the foot upward toward the shin.

Question 9

what is pronation

Answer 9

a rotational movement of the forearm that results in the palm facing posteriorly

Question 10

what is adduction

Answer 10

when a joint moves a part of the body toward the midline in one plane

Question 11

what is plantarflexion

Answer 11

the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body

Question 12

what is lateral rotation

Answer 12

the external rotation of the limb away from the midline

Question 13

what is medial rotation

Answer 13

the internal rotation of the limb towards the midline

Question 14

what is abduction

Answer 14

when a joint moves a part of the body away the midline in one plane

Question 15

what is supination

Answer 15

the movement in which a person turns their hand, wrist, and forearm upward

Question 16

what is extension

Answer 16

straightening a joint

Question 17

what are diarthrotic joints

Answer 17

• freely moveable
• include all synovial joints of the body,
• found in the appendicular skeleton
• give the limbs a wide range of motion.

Question 18

what are the synarthrotic joints

Answer 18

• immovable
• between the flat, plate-like bones of the skull
• provide for a strong union between the articulating bones

Question 19

what are amphiarthrotic joints

Answer 19

• slightly movable
• cartilaginous joint that unites the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Question 20

what is pivot joint

Answer 20

a freely moveable joint (diarthrosis) that allows only rotary movement around a single axis
neck

Question 21

what is condylar joint

Answer 21

move up and down, from side to side, and around in circumduction
- jaw, wrists, toes, and fingers

Question 22

what is saddle joint

Answer 22

synovial joint that is composed of a concave bone and a convex bone.

Question 23

what is hinge joint

Answer 23

a type of synovial joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one plane.

Question 24

what is plane joint

Answer 24

formed between two bones in which the articular surfaces of the bones are flat
enabling the bones to slide over each other.

Question 25

what is ball and socket joint

Answer 25

type of synovial joint that moves throughout three or more planes of motion into multiple directions.

Question 26

The two types of myofilaments found in myofibrils are the thin filaments, composed primarily of the protein called __________, and the thick filaments, composed of __________.

Answer 26

actin myosin

Question 27

What is the A band?

Answer 27

The length of thick filaments

Question 28

What is the I band?

Answer 28

The length with only thin filaments (no overlapping thick filaments)

Question 29

What is the H zone?

Answer 29

The length with only thick filaments

Question 30

when are the H zones and I bands are at maximum width

Answer 30

when the muscle is relaxed

Question 31

what happens during contraction

Answer 31

the actin filaments are pulled toward the center of the sarcomere

Question 32

what disappears when a muscle is fully contracted

Answer 32

H zone

Question 33

What happens to the sacromere during contraction?

Answer 33

sarcomere shortens

Question 34

What happens to the A band in a contracted muscle?

Answer 34

The A band does not change length

Question 35

why doesn't the A band change length?

Answer 35

the thick filaments have not changed their length

Question 36

What happens to the I band in a contracted muscle?

Answer 36

The I band shortens

Question 37

What happens to the H zone in a contracted muscle?

Answer 37

The H zone shortens.

Question 38

An electrical impulse traveling along the sarcolemma and into transverse tubules causes calcium ions to diffuse from the __________ into the __________.

Answer 38

sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcoplasm

Question 39

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

Answer 39

It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin.

Question 40

In order for muscle contraction to occur, cross-bridges form between what components of the muscle fiber?

Answer 40

Actin and myosin

Question 41

what are possible outcomes of muscle contraction?

Answer 41

Movement of bones Pumping of blood Squeezing of intestinal contents

Question 42

what is the layer of connective tissue that closely surrounds a skeletal muscle

Answer 42

epimysium

Question 43

what is the perimysium

Answer 43

extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle tissue into small sections connective tissue surrounds + separates fascicles

Question 44

what are fascicles

Answer 44

- bundles of skeletal muscle fibers in epimysium muscle tissue - a large bundle of muscle cells

Question 45

whats the endomysium

Answer 45

a thin covering of connective tissue that holds fascicles of muscle fiber separates muscle fibers

Question 46

what is a tendon?

Answer 46

attached muscle to bone

Question 47

what is fascia?

Answer 47

dense connective tissue that separates muscles

Question 48

what is epimysium?

Answer 48

connective tissue at muscle surface

Question 49

what's a muscle fiber?

Answer 49

a muscle cell

Question 50

what's a myofibril?

Answer 50

threadlike bundles of myofilaments

Question 51

what's a (protein) filament?

Answer 51

thick and thin myofilaments protein structure containing actin and myosin

Question 52

what is a muscle?

Answer 52

an organ composed of different types of tissues

Question 53

what is tropomyosin?

Answer 53

blocks binding sites for myosin

Question 54

what are actin molecules?

Answer 54

individual proteins that assemble into chains

Question 55

what is troponin?

Answer 55

binds calcium

Question 56

what are myosin molecules?

Answer 56

many combine to form filaments

Question 57

what are myosin heads?

Answer 57

form cross bridges

Question 58

The striations seen in skeletal muscle consist of alternating dark bands, called the __________ bands, and light bands, called the __________ bands.

Answer 58

A I

Question 59

role of motor neuron axon

Answer 59

provides stimulation to muscle fiber

Question 60

role of nucleus of muscle fiber

Answer 60

control centre for muscle fiber

Question 61

what is the synapse

Answer 61

neuromuscular junction

Question 62

what's the synaptic cleft?

Answer 62

space between axon and muscle fiber

Question 63

what is the motor end plate?

Answer 63

location of receptors for neurotransmitter

Question 64

what is the myofibril?

Answer 64

bundle of thick and thin filaments

Question 65

what is acetylcholine

Answer 65

a neurotransmitter that is released at neuromuscular junctions and that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract