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Biomed > nervous system - spinal cord > Flashcards

nervous system - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

whats the name of bundles of axon?

A

fascicles

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2
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a nerve?

A

epineurium

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3
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle?

A

perineurium

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4
Q

what is the connective tissue that surrounds an axon?

A

endoneurium

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5
Q

what are afferent fibers?

A

fibres that carry sensory impulses from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system

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6
Q

what are efferent fibers?

A

nerve fibres that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

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7
Q

what is the function of a mixed nerve?

A

carries information to and from the cns

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8
Q

what does the receptor do?

A

it is sensitive to a specific type of internal or external change (stimulius)

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9
Q

what does the sensory neuron do?

A

conduct an impulse about the stimulus towards the brain or spinal cord

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10
Q

what does the cns do once the sensory neuron conducts an impulse?

A

serves as a processing center for the information

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11
Q

what does the motor neuron do?

A

conducts the impulse away from the brain or spinal cord

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12
Q

what does the effector do?

A

responds to the stimulation by the neuron, resulting in the behavioural action of a reflex

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13
Q

what is the skin covering the head?

A

scalp

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14
Q

what is the bone that surrounds the brain?

A

cranium

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15
Q

what is the largest portion of the cns?

A

brain

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16
Q

what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebra

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17
Q

what is the long cylindrical organ of the cns?

A

spinal cord

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18
Q

what are the protective membranes around the cns?

A

meninges

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19
Q

what is the root carrying motor axons?

A

ventral root

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20
Q

what is the collection of sensory neuron cell bodies?

A

dorsal root ganglion

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21
Q

what is the mixed nerve in the vertebral foramen

A

spinal nerve

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22
Q

what is the bone that protects the spinal cord?

A

vertebra

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23
Q

what is the delicate inner layer of the meninges?

A

pia mater

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24
Q

what is the web like middle layer of the meninges?

A

arachnoid mater

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25
what is the thickest most superficial layer of the meninges?
dura mater
26
what are the parts of the spinal cord?
posterior horn posterior funiculus gray commissure sensory tracts central canal
27
what are not part of the spinal cord?
medulla oblongata spinal nerve cerebrum sympathetic chain ganglia brachial plexus
28
what is a plexus
29
what happens when the brachial plexus is damaged?
Weakness in elbow flexion
30
what happens when the Lumbosacral plexus is damaged?
Weakness in knee flexion
31
what happens when the intercostal nerve is damaged?
Loss of sensation on the chest wall
32
what happens when the hypoglossal nerve is damaged?
Deviation of the tongue upon protrusion
33
what happens when the abducens nerve is damaged?
Inability to move right eye to the right
34
what happens when the trigeminal nerve is damaged?
Loss of sensation on the face
35
what is the abducens nerve?
cranial nerve six one of the nerves responsible for the extraocular motor functions of the eye
36
what is the facial nerve?
the seventh cranial nerve and contains the motor, sensory, and parasympathetic (secretomotor) nerve fibers
37
what is the oculomotor nerve?
a cranial nerve pair that carries eye muscle command signals
38
what is the cervical plexus?
a complex neurologic structure located within the head and neck.
39
what is the vagus nerve?
the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system
40
what is the brachial plexus?
formed by the anterior primary rami of C5 through T1
41
what is the lumbosacral plexus?
network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lumbar and sacral spinal cord consists of the upper (L1-L4) and the lower (L4-S4) plexus.
42
what is the trigeminal nerve?
the fifth cranial nerve (CN V) and the largest of the cranial nerves.
43
what is the hypoglossal nerve?
one of the 12 cranial nerves arising from the brain paired nerve control the muscles of the tongue
44
what is the intercostal nerve?
part of the somatic nervous system
45
where do the intercostal nerves arise from?
the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11 and are situated between adjacent ribs.
46
what is the function of the trigeminal nerve?
provide sensory innervation to the face and is divided into three main branches.
47
what is the function of vagus nerve?
controls specific body functions such as your digestion, heart rate and immune system involuntary
48
what is the function of intercostal nerve?
aid in contraction of muscles and thre return of sensory information from the skin and parietal pleura
49
what is the function of the oculomotor nerve?
handle most of the signals of the eyes they help you see and contribute to many abilities
50
what is the function of the abducens nerve?
It moves the eye outward (abduction) so you can look to the side
51
whats the function of the facial nerve?
provides innervation to many areas of the head and neck region
52
what is the facial nerve comprised of ?
three nuclei The main motor nucleus The parasympathetic nuclei.
53
what is the function of the cervical plexus?
providing sensory and motor nerve supply to parts of the neck, upper back, and arms
54
what do branches from the cervical plexus do?
supply nerve impulses to the diaphragm, a large muscle that powers breathing
55
what is the function of the brachial plexus?
provides sensory and motor innervation of the upper extremity
56
what is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?
consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII)
57
whats the function of the vestibular nerve?
maintaining body balance and eye movements
58
what is the function of the cochlear nerve?
responsible for hearing
59
how is the autonomic motor division controlled?
involuntarily
60
how does the activation of sweat glands occur?
involuntarily autonomic motor division
61
how are the arrector pili muscles activated?
involuntarily autonomic motor division
62
how is the intestinal smooth muscle activated?
involuntarily autonomic motor division
63
what is the somatic pns involved in?
the movement of the body
64
what is the autonomic pns involved in?
the movement through the body
65
how is the somatic motor division controlled?
voluntarily
66
how are skeletal muscles activated?
voluntarily somatic motor division
67
whats the feature of the somatic division of the pns?
only excitatory on target organs
68
parasympathetic nervous system functions
digesting defecation diuresis
69
sympathetic nervous system functions
running embarrassment excitement fight or flight response
70
what is an effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?
increase secretion of sweat
71
multiple sclerosis involves an immune response against myelin of the central nervous system, causing scar formation (sclerosis) within the neural tissue. How would this affect nerve impulse conduction?
Impulses are blocked or interrupted
72
What is a group of interneurons called that synapse with each other, receiving input and generating output, and perform a common function?
neuronal pool
73
which nerves are a feature of the cervical plexus?
- superficial branches: great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves. - deep branches: phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.
74
which nerves are a feature of the brachial plexus?
axillary, radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous
75
which nerves are a feature of the lumbosacral plexus?
femoral, sciatic, tibial, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, obturator nerve, lumbosacral trunk
76
function of lumbosacral plexus
innervates muscles of the lower limb
77
what is an example of the stretch reflex?
tapping the brachioradialis muscle tendon will result in reflexive elbow flexion.

Biomed (57 decks)

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