DIT Rapid-Fire Facts Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Most common cause of neural tube defects
A
folate deficiency
2
Q
Most common preventable cause of congenital malformation in the US
A
alcohol use during pregnancy
3
Q
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan syndrome (defect in fibrillin)
4
Q
Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
Alport syndrome (defect in type 4 collagen)
5
Q
Drug of choice for absence seizures?
A
Ethosuximide
6
Q
Branching, filamentous, gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces
7
Q
Cellulitis from cat or dog bite
A
Pasteurella multocida
8
Q
moist smooth flat white genital lesion
A
condyloma lata (2ndary syphilis)
9
Q
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
A
alpha-antagonist (phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine)
10
Q
Selective alpha1-antagonist used to treat BPH
A
tamsulosin
11
Q
Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
A
Hyper IgE (Job syndrome)
- impaired differentiation of Th17 cells (helps recruit neutrophils)
- impaired recruitment of neutrophils
12
Q
Large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils
A
Chediak-Higashi disease
- defective phagocyte lysosomes (defective lysosomal transport gene)
- present w/ partial albinism, recurrent resp and skin infections, neurologic disorders (ex. peripheral neuropathy)
13
Q
degeneration of the dorsal columns
A
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
14
Q
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
A
Alzheimer
15
Q
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
A
Frontotemporal dementia
16
Q
dysphagia, glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
A
Plummer-Vinson
17
Q
hematemesis with retching
A
Mallory-Weiss tear
18
Q
mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus?
A
signet ring cell (seen in gastric cancer, LCIS)
19
Q
Most common type of stomach cancer
A
gastric adenoCA
20
Q
Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
A
Krukenberg tumor
21
Q
Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
A
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
22
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
A
cushing ulcer
23
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
curling ulcer
24
Q
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, hyperpigmentation
A
Whipple disease
25
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin antibodies
Celiac disease
26
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers
27
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
28
most common site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid
29
"string sign" on contrast x-ray
Crohn's
30
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
UC
| --> b/c of loss of haustra
31
Painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer (esp at the head of the pancreas)
32
most common cause of acute pancreatitis
gallstones, alcohol
33
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
alcohol
34
severe hyperbili in a neonate?
CN type 1
35
mild, benign hyperbili
Gilbert (unconjugated)
36
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)
37
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
38
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
39
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease
40
cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
hemochromatosis
41
chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)
42
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
43
Curschmann spirals
sped epithelium from mucus plugs (Asthma)
44
B/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
45
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture
46
honeycomb lungs on cxr
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
47
"tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
48
Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
49
lung cancer associated with SIADH?
small cell
50
tumor associated with Horner syndrome?
Pancoast tumor
51
Lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia?
squamous cell (secretion of PTHrP)
52
Lung cancer associated with Cushing syndrome?
small cell (secretion of ACTH)
53
Lung cancer associated with weakness?
small cell (lambert-eaton)
54
Substances associated with lung cancer? (4)
smoke, radon, silica, asbestos
55
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, and persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler syndrome
56
Splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
Infective endocarditis
57
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (inf. endocarditis)
58
Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
59
Heart valve most commonly involved in an IVDU with infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
60
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies
61
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
myxoma (left atrial)
62
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyoma
63
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
US: lupus
| Dev. countries: TB
64
c-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
65
p-ANCA (2)
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
- Microscopic polyangiitis
66
Treatment for thromboangiitis obliterans
smoking cessation
67
treatment for giant cell arteritis
high-dose steroids
68
"Currant jelly" sputum
Klebsiella
69
Osteomyelitis in pt with sickle cell disease
salmonella
70
"strawberry cervix"
trichomonas vaginalis
71
clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis (causing bacterial vaginosis)
72
bacterial with "school of fish" appearance
Haemophilus ducreyi (chanchroid)
73
Orotic acid in the urine + elevated serum ammonia
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
74
orotic acid in the urine + normal serum ammonia
orotic aciduria
75
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12
orotic aciduria
76
Most common class of medication for bulimia nervosa
fluoxetine (SSRIs)
77
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
benzo
78
Treatment for central DI
desmopressin
79
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin
80
Treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
amiloride
81
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
Burton lines (lead poisoning)
82
Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia?
vitamin D
83
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
scurvy (vit C def)
84
Most common vitamin deficiency in the US
folate deficiency
85
Hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (either B12 or folate deficiency)
86
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
wet beri beri (thiamine deficiency)
87
preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation?
heparin or LMWH
88
preferred anticoagulation during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
89
Causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron def, thalassemia, lead poisoning
90
hypersegmented neutrophils
B12 or folate deficiency
91
Skull x-ray shows a "hair-on-end" appearance
marrow hyperplasia (seen in beta-thal or sickle cell disease)
92
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
93
Painful cyanosis of the fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
94
Red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
95
basophilic nuclear remnants in the RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
96
Autosplenectomy
Sickle cell disease
97
drugs used to treat sickle cell disease
hydroxyurea (increases level of HbF)
98
antiplatelet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
99
bleeding disorder with gp1b deficiency
Bernard-soulier
100
most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
101
cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma (B symptoms)
102
sheets of lymphoid cells, with a "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
103
large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye inclusions"
Reed sternberg cells of hodgkin lymphoma
104
"smudge" cells
CLL
105
"punched out" lytic bone lesions
Multiple myeloma
106
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)
107
monoclonal antibody spike
MM, MGUS, Waldenstorm
108
reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
auer rods (AML)
109
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma
110
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
111
"Owl eye" inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
112
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
HSV (type A Cowdry bodies)
113
Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
Parvovirus B19
114
Child with fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to his body
5th disease (caused by parvo b19)
115
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash
rubeola (measles)
116
associated with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
previous measles infection
117
small, irregular, blue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
koplik spots (measles)
118
dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV pt?
Kaposi sarcoma
119
large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
120
treatment for CMV
ganciclovir
121
most common opportunistic infection in HIV pts
PCP
122
drug used to prevent PCP
TMP-SMX
123
treatment for oral candidiasis
nystatin, fluconazole
124
ppx for cryptococcus in AIDS pts
fluconazole
125
treatment for systemic candidiasis
amphotericin B
126
treatment for sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole, potassium iodide
127
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV patient
toxo
128
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
129
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia
130
Most common helminth infection in the US
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
131
2nd most common helminth infection in the US
ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
