DLISC1 - week 8

Question 1

what is an acid?

Answer 1

according to Arrhenius, the acids are the hydrogen-contining compounds which give H+ ions or protons on dissociation in water

Question 2

what are bases?

Answer 2

according to Arrhenius bases are hydroxide compounds whivh give OH- ions on dissociation in water

Question 3

what does pH stand for?

Answer 3

power of hydrogen
respresents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water based solution

Question 4

what is the pH scale?

Answer 4

pH is exressed on a logarithmic scale
pH = - log 10c
(c = concentration of H+ in moles perlitre)
typically ranges from 0-14
measures how acidic or basic a substance is
substances with a pH less than 7 are acidic and will donate hydrogen ions
substancces with a pH greater than 7 are basic/alkaline and will accept hydrogen ions
for every 1 unit change, a 10-fold change in [H+]

Question 5

what is the bronstead-lowry theory of acids and bases?

Answer 5

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species that is capable of donating a proton H+ .
A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that is capable of accepting a proton, which requires a lone pair of electrons to bond to the H+ .
Water is amphoteric, which means it can act as both a Brønsted-Lowry acid and a Brønsted-Lowry base

Question 6

what is a strong acid and base?

Answer 6

is one that will almost completly dissociate or ionise to form ions in solution

Question 7

three strong acids that we commonly find:

Answer 7

hydochloric acid
nitric acid
sulfuric acid

Question 8

two strong bases that are commonly found:

Answer 8

sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide

Question 9

what are weak acids and bases

Answer 9

is one where only a small percentage of molecules will dissociate to form ion in solution

Question 10

importance of acid-base regulation and health/disease outcome

Answer 10

when the human body is confronted with an excess of H2, ions form the diet, it emplys a number of strategies to main normal blood pH (7.4)

Question 11

what is the biocarbonate buffer?

Answer 11

physiological mechanism that maintains the acid-base balance in the blood and other body fluids.
it regulates the levels of carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide to ensure proper physiological function

Question 12

waht are buffers?

Answer 12

A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components.
a buffer is a substance that helps to stabilise changes in pH due to the addition of acid or base
food and drink we consume have the ability to alter the acidity

Question 13

what is acidosis?

Answer 13

Acidosis is a condition in which the bodily fluids become too acidic, with an abnormally low pH level.

Question 14

what is alkalosis?

Answer 14

is a condition in which the bolidy fulids become too alkaline, with an abnormally high pH level

Question 15

symptoms of acidosis in the CNS

Answer 15

headache
shortness of breath
confusion
weakness
vomitting
sleepiness
increased HR

Question 16

symptoms of alkaosis in the CNS

Answer 16

confusion
hand tremor
numbing or tingling
twitching
vomitting

Question 17

what are enzymes?

Answer 17

are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies
they build some substances up nad break down others

Question 18

what are digestive enzymes?

Answer 18

enzymes produced in the digestive system

Question 19

examples of digestive enzymes

Answer 19

Lactase breaks down lactose
Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugars
Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids
Protease breaks down protein into amino acids