DLISC1 - week 9 Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is organic chemistry?
Is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-containing compounds.
contain carbon and hydrogen
what are the 4 macromolecules in life
carbohydrates
nucleic acid
protein
lipid
what are carbohydrates?
are a nutrient that provides energy
present in fruit, veggies, breads, grain products, sugar and sugary foods
digested in the small intestine
broken down into simple sugars such as glucose and fructose
are used for energy or converted to glycogen for storage in the liver
carbohydrates - classification
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
describe monosaccharides
One saccharide (means sugar)
Key chemical building blocks for making larger saccharides
describe disaccharides
Two monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reaction
New bond is formed, glycosidic bond (or linkage)
describe polysaccharide
Long chains of monosaccharide units joined together through dehydration reactions
The type of glycosidic bond leads to an array of different polysaccharides structures
saccharide derivatives
chemically modified sugars such as…
- glycoproteins
- glycolipids
- biomolecules
what are lipids
a diverse group of organic compounds including fats, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes
One type of lipid, the triglycerides, is sequestered as fat in adipose cells, which serve as the energy-storage depot for organisms and also provide thermal insulation.
lipids - structure and function
fatty acids
triglycerides
cholestrol
phospholipids - general structure
- glycerol scaffold
- two fatty acids atttached to glycerol backbone on one end
- on the other end a phosphate group is attached plus a charged organic molecule linked to it
phospholipid bilayer
More complicated structure where two layer from
Hydrophilic heads point outward
Hydrophobic tails point inward toward each other
what are nucleic acids
a naturally occurring chemical compound
capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases
are the main information carrying molecules of the cell,
directs the process of protein synthesis, which determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing.
what are the two main classes of nucleic acids
-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
-ribonucleic acid (RNA).
what is DNA
DNA is the master blueprint for life and constitutes the genetic material in all free living organisms and most viruses.
what is RNA
RNA is the genetic material of certain viruses, but it is also found in all living cells
it plays an important role in certain processes such as the making of proteins
nucleic acid are…
nucleic acid are polymers of nucleotide subunits
nucletodie structure (monomers)
ribose sugar (5 carbons)
phosphate (C5’)
nitrogenous base (C1’)
nucleotide structure of nitrogenous bases
adenine - A
guanine - G
cytosine - C
thymine - T
polyneucleotides
are neucleotdies linked together via a phosphodiester bond to from polyneucleotides
what is Chargaff’s rule?
Amount of adenine = amount of thymine
Amount of cytosine = amount of guanine
organisation of DNA
DNA is stored in a condensed, complex from
Wraps around histones to from nucleosomes
DNA uses the language of 4 neucleotide (A, G, T and C)
difference between RNA and DNA
RNA similar to DNA except
- contians ribose instead of deoxyribose
- contains uracil istead of thymine
RNA is single stranded
Classes of RNA
messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
Small nuclear RNA
Small interfering (silencing) RNA
microRNA
