Domain Archaea and Eubacteria Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
thick peptidoglycan =>
thin peptidoglycan
A
thick - gram +
thin - gram -
2
Q
(+) outer membrane
: (-) outer membrane
A
(+) outer membrane - gram -
(-) outer membrane - gram +
3
Q
stains purple after Gram staining
stains pink after Gram staining
A
purple - gram +
pink - gram -
4
Q
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
both archaea and eubacteria
archaea
eubacteria
neither archaea and eubacteria
A
prokaryotic - both archaea and eubacteria
eukaryotic - neither archaea and eubacteria
5
Q
(+) cell membnrae
(+) cell wall
archaea, eubacteria, both, neither
A
(+) cell membrane - both
(+) cell wall - both
6
Q
pseudopeptidoglycan cell wall
peptidoglycan cell wall
archaea, eubacteria, both, neither
A
pseudo - archaea
peptido - eubacteria
7
Q
95% of ethanol or acetone serves as _____ in Gram staining.
A
decolorizer
8
Q
_____ is the sole representative species of Nanoarchaea. It forms an obligate symbiotic relationship with _____.
A
nanoarchaeum equitans
ignococcus
9
Q
_____ are spores produced outside the cell.
A
exospores
10
Q
_____ spore is found at the end of the cell.
A
terminal
11
Q
_____ spore is found in the middle of the cell.
A
central
12
Q
_____ serves as the counterstain in Gram staining.
A
safranin
13
Q
The mordant used in Gram staining is _____.
A
iodine
14
Q
Chlamydia has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and is associated with STDs.
A
false
15
Q
_____ is a classification of spherical bacteria arranged in 4s.
A
tetrad
16
Q
principal source of carbon utilization is CO2
A
autotrophs
17
Q
purple and green sulfur bacteria
A
photoautotrophs
18
Q
depend on the others’ organic compounds
A
heterotrophs
19
Q
utilize light as their source of energy
A
phototrophs
20
Q
energy from the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds
A
chemotrophs
21
Q
use inorganic compounds as the electron source
A
lithotrophs
22
Q
use organic compounds as the electron source
A
organotrophs
23
Q
Crystal violet serves as the _____ in Gram staining.
A
primary stain
24
Q
grow best at pH 0 to pH 5.5 =>
A
acidophile
25
: grow best at pH 5.5 to pH 8.0
neutrophile
26
grow best at pH 8.0 to pH 11.5
alkalophile
27
grow best at -5C to 20C
psychrophile
28
grow best at 15C to 45C
mesophile
29
grow best at 42C to 80C
thermophile
30
grow best at 65C to 105C
hyperthermophile
31
require 2% of atmospheric oxygen for growth
microaerophile
32
no oxygen level preference
aerotolerant
33
: grow in the absence and presence of oxygen but prefers O2 presence
facultative aerobe
34
classification of bacteria characterized by its comma-shaped cells
vibrio
35
s a classification of bacteria with grape-like clustered spherical cells
staphylococcus
36
a prokaryotic cell that has an outer cell membrane that serves as a barrier between the cell and its environmen
archaea
37
Most similar to gram-positive bacteria
archaea
38
an archaea’s cell wall is made up of these
pseudomorein
39
Thrive in extreme environments
archaea
40
derives energy from inorganic compounds
chemoautotrophs
41
obtains energy from organic matter
heterotroph
42
ability to produce methane (methanogenesis), utilize alternative energy sources like sulfur or hydrogen gas, and perform photosynthesis
archaea
43
ways in which an element or compound moves between its various living and nonliving forms and locations in the biosphere
biogeochemical cycle
44
can be found in the digestive tracts of animals
methanogenic archaea
45
archaea has a symbiotic association with these
marine animals
46
archaea can be found in these but are typically not associated with human diseases
human microbiomes
47
includes methanogens and halobacteria
euryarchaeota
48
produce methane as a metabolic waste product
methanogens
49
Can cause flatulence in humans and other animals
methanogens
50
thrive in extreme saline environments and can form reddish blooms due to bacteriorhodopsin presence
halobacteria
51
play a crucial role in carbon fixation
crenarchaeota
52
Members are extremophiles that are (3)
sulfur dependent
thermophilic
hyperthermophilic
53
grows in volcanic springs at high temperature and low pH
sulfolobolus
54
nanoarchaeota contains a single species ____
nanoarchaeum equitans
55
Isolated from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and hydrothermal vents at Yellowstone National Park
nanoarchaeum equitans
56
nanoarchaeota forms a obligate symbiotic relationship with this
ignococcus
57
considered as one of the most primitive forms of life
korarchaeota
58
Found only in the Obsidian Pool, a hot spring at Yellowstone National Park
korarchaeota
59
studying them expands our understanding of life’s limit and potential
extremophile
60
produce methane that affect global climate change
methanogens
61
archaea provide energy through these in symbiotic associations with marine animals
chemosynthesis
62
aid digestion and methane production in ruminant animals
methanogens
63
mammal of the suborder Ruminantia that mostly have four-chambered stomach and two toed feet
ruminant animals
64
prokaryotic cell with a (+) cell membrane
eubacteria
65
a eubacteria’s cell wall is made of this
peptidoglycan
66
some eubacteria can fix this for other organisms
nitrogen
67
proteobacteria (5)
alphaproteobacteria
betaproteobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
deltaproteobacteria
epsilonproteobacteria
68
photoautotrophic, symbionts, pathogens of proteobacteria
alphaproteobacteria
69
human gut symbionts and pathogens of proteobacteria
beta proteobacteria
70
generate spore-forming fruiting bodies or reduce sulfur of proteobacteria
gamma proteobacteria
71
in animal digestive tracts and hydrothermal vents of proteobacteria
epsilon proteobacteria
72
obligate intracellular parasites of animal cells
chlamydiae
73
do chlamydiae have a peptidoglycan layer
no
74
spiral-shaped cells with flagella running lengthwise
spirochetes
75
obtain energy through photosynthesis
cyanobacteria
76
has a (+) thick cell wall and (-) outer membrane
gram positive bactera
77
spherical-shaped bacteria
cocci
78
rod-shaped bacteria
bacilli
79
spiral-shaped bacteria
spirilla
80
short rods
coccobacilli
81
comma-shaped
vibrio
82
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes what gram test result
gram +
83
thinner peptidoglycan layer and outer membrane
gram -
84
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram test result
gram -
85
principal source of carbon utilization is CO2
autotrophs
86
example is Purple and green sulfur bacteria
autotrophs
87
depend on others’ organic compounds
heterotrophs
88
Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus are what (autotrophs, heterotrophs,...)
heterotrophs
89
utilize light as their source of energy
phototrophs
90
what are Chromatum okenii, Rhodospirillum rubrum
phototrophs
91
energy from the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds
chemotrophs
92
examples are Nitrosomonas, Pseudosomonas pseudoflava
chemotrophs
93
use of inorganic compounds as the electron source
litotrophs
94
examples areNitrobacter, Thiobacillus dentrificans, Nitrosomonas
lithotrophs
95
use organic compounds as the electron source
organotrophs
96
example are Pseudomonas pseudoflava
organotrophs
97
flagellum is present only at one end of the bacteria
monotrichous
98
polarly flagellated and include pseudomonas aeruginosa
monotrichous
99
cluster of flagella is present only at one end of bacteria
lophotrichous
100
example is Pseudomonas fluorescens
lophotrichous
101
flagella are present in both ends of the bacteria in single or clusters
amphitrichous
102
example is Aquaspirillum serpens
amphitrichous
103
flagella are present all around the body
peritrichous
104
example are Salmonella Typhi
peritrichous
105
do not form spores
non-spore formers
106
are e. coli, staphylococcus aureus spore formers
no
107
produces spores
spore former
108
produced outside the cell
exospores
109
produced inside the cell but at different locations
endospores
110
grow at low pH with the pH optimum of pH 0 to 5.5
acidophiles
111
Sulfolobus, Picrophilus, Ferroplasma, Cyanidium caldarium
acidophiles, alkalophiles, neutrophiles?
acidophiles
112
grow at neutral pH with a pH optimum of 5.5 to 8.0
neutrophiles
113
Escherichia coli, Salmonella
acidophile, neutrophile, alkalophile
neutrophile
114
– these bacteria grow at high pH with a pH optimum of 8.0 to 11.5
alkalophiles
115
Bacillus alcalophilus, Natronobacterium
acidophiles, alkalophiles, neutrophiles
alkalophiles
116
aerobe that requires oxygen for aerobic respiration
obligate aerobes
117
not only require an anaerobic atmosphere for growth but are inhibited by oxygen
obligate anaerobes
118
is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent
facultative aerobes
119
an organism, like bacteria, that produces cellular ATP energy without oxygen. However, it can grow in the presence of oxygen
aerotolerant anaerobes
120
a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere
microaerophiles
121
governs the scientific naming for Bacteria and Archaea
international code of nomenclature of prokaryotes
122
establishes rules for naming taxa of bacteria based on their relative rank
international code of nomenclature of prokaryotes
123
it originally included references to bacteria but were removed in 1975
international code of botanical nomenclature
124
early code for this was approved in 1947 but later discarded
bacterial nomenclature
125
latest printed version of the ICNP was dated this, but it does not represent the current rules
1990
126
published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2008 revision of International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
127
maintains and updates the rules of ICNP
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
128
were covered by botanical code until 1975
cyanobacteria
129
Was included starting in 1999 in both botanical and bacteriological codes, causing nomenclatural problems
cyanobacteria
130
covers most bacteria except cyanobacteria until 1975
bacteriological code
131
By 2021, the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes (ICSP) held a formal vote and chose what
➢ Excluding cyanobacteria from the bacteriological code
➢ Applying the bacteriological code to all cyanobacteria
➢ Considering valid publication under the botanical code as valid under the bacteriological code
➢ Considering valid publication under the botanical code as valid under the bacteriological code
132
since 2001, this must be designated when describing a new bacterial or archaeal species
type strain
133
living culture to which the scientific name of the organism is attached
type strain
134
