Midterms Flashcards
1
Q
The extant nonangiospermous seed plant are included within the group known as
A
gymnosperms
2
Q
gymnos means
A
naked
3
Q
gymnosperm are in fact a what group
A
monophyletic
4
Q
most basal lineage of gymnosperms
A
cycads
5
Q
cycads
A
cycadophyta
6
Q
follows cycads in basal lineage
A
gingko
7
Q
gingko
A
gingkophyta
8
Q
followed gingko
A
conifers
9
Q
conifers
A
coniferophyta
10
Q
most frequently placed within the conifers often as a sister group to pinaceae
A
gnetales
11
Q
flowering plants
A
angiosperms
12
Q
woody plants, monophyletic lineage of the vascular plants that share derived features of a vascular cambium
A
lignophytes
13
Q
gives rise to wood
A
vascular cambium
14
Q
produces cork
A
cork cambium
15
Q
seed plants are also known as
A
spermatophytes
16
Q
major evolutionary novelty
A
seed
17
Q
immature diploid developing from the zygote, surrounded by nutritive tissue enveloped by a seed coat
A
seed
18
Q
immarute root
A
radicle
19
Q
shoot apical meristem
A
epicotyl
20
Q
young seed leaves
A
cotyledont
21
Q
transition between root and stem
A
hypocotyl
22
Q
immature seed, prior to fertilization
A
ovule
23
Q
formation of two types of haploid spores within two types of sporangia
A
heterospory
24
Q
develop via meiosis in the megasporangium
A
megaspores
25
products of meiosis in microsporangium
microspores
26
complete development of female gametophyte within the original spore wall
endospory
27
two ways megaspore can be reduced
megasporangium # of cells reduction
3 megaspores aborting, leaving one functional megaspore
28
megaspore mother cell
megasporocyte
29
final event in seed evolution, the envelopment of the megasporangium by a tissue called
integument
30
where does the integument grows?
megasporangium
31
base of megasporangium is called what when surrounded by an integument
nuclleus
32
small pore at the distal end of the integument
micropyle
33
immature, endosporic male gametophyte
pollen
34
extremely reduced main gametophytes
pollen grains
35
function of male gametophyte that obtains nutrition by absorption from the surrounding sporophytic tissue
haustorial organ
36
relatively ancient group of plants that were once more common than today and serve as a fodder for plant-eating nonavian dinosaurs
cycadophyta
37
source of food starch (termed as sago)
cycadophyta
38
monophyletic lineage consisting of plants with a mostly short erect stem or trunk, rarely tall and palm like
cycads
39
loss of axillary branching on the aerial trunk is a
cycads
40
type of venation in cycads
circinate
41
all cycad individuals are either male or female and the plant sex is termed ____
dioecious
42
sole genus of Cycadaceae
Cycas
43
do not form female cones
Cycas
44
seeds are produced on the lower margins of numerous female sporophylls (also called megasporophylls) in what group of plants?
Cycas
45
differs from the Cycadaceae having both male and female cones
Zamiaceae
46
male and female cones
strobili
47
male sporangia is called what
microsporangia
48
have extensive fossil record but contain only one extant species
gingkgophytes
49
only one extant species of gingko
ginkgo biloba
50
are dioecious and has a motile sperm, do not bear structures that resemble sporophylls
gingkgo
51
comprise a monophyletic group of highly branched trees or shrubs with simple leaves, the latter a possible apomorphy for the group
conifers
52
leaves in conifers are clustered into this, in which adjacent internodes are very short in length
short shoots
53
specialized short shoot consisting of a stem tissue, one or more needle shaped leaves, and persistent basal bud scales
fascicle
54
apomorphy of conifers and ____ include loss of sperm motility
gnetales
55
male gametophyte developing pollen tubes in conifers
siphogamous
56
seed bearing structure, modified laterla branch system
ovuliferous scale
57
monkey puzzle and norfolk island pine
Araucariaceae
58
cypress family
Cupressaceae
59
yew pine
Podocarpaceae
60
yews
Taxaceae
61
pine family (cedars, pines, spruces, firs, larches, and hemlock)
Pinaceae
62
also referred to as gnetopsida or sometimes gnetophyta, interesting group containing three extant families
gnetales
63
extant families of Gnetales
Ephedraceae
Gnetaceae
Welwitschiaceae
64
thought to be sister group of angiosperms united by some obscure features such as whorled, somewhat perianth-like microsporophylls that resemble fowers
Gnetales
65
rather common desert plant shrub and can be recognized by the photosynthetic striate stems and very reduced scale-like leaves
Ephedra
66
double fertilization is a long definining characteristic of what group of animals
angiosperms
67
flowering plants
ngiosperms
68
describes the general appearance of plant, including size, shape,and growth form and orientation
plant habit
69
plant in which any aboveground shoots, whether vegetative or reproductive, die back at the end of an annual growth season
herb
70
plant with elongate, weak stems that are generally supported by means of scrambling, twining, tendrisl or roots
vine
71
vine that is perennial and woody, major components in tree canopy layer of some tropical forest
Liana
72
perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising at ground level
shrub
73
defined as generally tall, perennial, woody plant having one main stem (The trunk) arising at ground level
tree
74
pertains to the general environment where the plant is growing
plant habitat
75
plants that grow on land
terrestrial
76
plants that grow on water
aquatic
77
plants that occur underwater
submerged
78
plants that occur at the water surface
floating
79
plants that have roots or stems anchored to the substrate under water and aerial shoots growing above water
emergent
80
plant found along streams and river banks
rheophyte
81
plants that grow on other plants
epiphyte
82
consist of one main vertical root derived from the radicle that penetrates the soil deeply, and helps prevent the plant from toppling
taproot
83
has no single, main root only large number of similar slender roots that strongly anchor the plant to the soil
fibrous root
84
taproot become greatly thickened and serve as storage organ for food and water
storage root
85
associated with epiphytic plants, adventitious roots that generally do not enter the soil
aerial roots
86
characteristic of leguminous plants such as beans and peas, sites in the root where nitrogen-fixing bacteria can live
root nodules
87
adaptations of plants that grow in waterlogged environment such as swamps or marshes
pneumatophores
88
adventitious roots that grow from the base of the stem above the soil line and function to provide additional support to the plant
prop roots
89
enlarged, horizontally spreading and often vertically thickened roots at the base of the trees that aid in mechanical support, they are found in certain tropical or marsh/swamp tree species
buttress roots
90
specialized roots among parasitic plants that penetrate the tissues of a host plant
haustoria
91
character describing the relative position of the stem or shoot, but may also be based on stem structure, growth, and orientation
stem habit
92
plant with above stem
caulescent
93
one that lacks and aboveground stem, other than the infloresence axis
acaulescent
94
stem that are treelike in appearance and size
arborescent
95
have the habit of a shrub, with numerous, woody aerial trunks
frutescent
96
being basally woody and herbaceous apically, the habit of a subshrub
suffrutescent
97
plants that are trailing or lying flat, not rooting at the notes
prostrate
98
creeping or lying flat but rooting at the nodes
repent
99
basally prostrate but apically ascending
decumbent
100
stem habit, in which multiple aerial but short-stemmed shoots arise from the base, forming a much-branched cushion
cespitose
101
underground stems that serve as storage and protective organs
rootstocks
102
shoot consist of small amount of vertical stem tissue
bulb
103
shoot consist of generally globose stem tissue surrounded by scanty, scale-like leaves
corm
104
rootstock consisting of relatively undifferentiated but vertically oriented stem
caudex
105
stem is horizontal and underground, typically with short internodes
rhizome
106
consist of a thick, underground storage stem, usually not upright
tuber
107
horizontal stem with long internodes that runs on or just below the ground producing new plants
stolon or runner
108
flatenned modified photosynthetic stem as found in cactus
cladode
109
water storing stem that allows plants survive subsequent drought periods
succulent
110
low swollen, perennial storage stem (at or above ground level), from which arise annual or nonpersistent photosynthetic shoots
caudiciform stem
111
woody trunklike stem that is swolen basally, the swollen region functioning in storage
Pachycaul
112
sharp pointed stem or shoot
thorn
113
modified, reduced, non-elongating shoot apical meristem bearing leaf spines
areole
114
long, slender, coiling branch, adapted for climbing
tendril
115
refers to arrangement and pattern of veins and vein branching in the leaf blade
leaf venation
116
exhibits a pattern where primary and secondary veins are essentially parallel to one another
parallel venation
117
one where the ultimate veinlets from an interconnecting netlike pattern
netted venation
118
pertains to nature of the joining of the leaf to the stern
leaf attachment
119
describes a leaf with a petiole or a stalk
petiolate
120
pertains to a leaf without petiole
sessile
121
describe a flattened leaf base partially or wholly
sheathing
122
leaf apears to be extended down the stem
decurrent
123
describes a sessile leaf with the base of the blade completely surrounding the stem
perfoliate
124
originally derived from the bark of willow trees
aspirin
125
obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle to treat childhood leukemia
vincristine
vinblastine
126
taxonomic account for sago palm
gya
127
taxonomic account for cardboard plam
gya
128
taxaonomic account for common juniper
gya
129
taxonomic account for northwestern white cedar
gya
130
taxonomic account for narra
gya
131
taxonomic account for gumamela
gya
132
taxonomic account for yew plum pine
gya
133
