Protozoans

Question 1

organism composed of one or more cells containing visible evidence of nuclei and organelles

Answer 1

eukaryote

Question 2

how did eukaryotes evolve?

Answer 2

cellular symbiosis among prokaryotic cells

Question 3

When two dissimilar organisms live together and form an intimate and life-sustaining relationship that is mutually beneficial

Answer 3

symbiosis

Question 4

A cellular organism (such as bacterium or blue-green alga) that does not have a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus.

Answer 4

prokaryote

Question 5

Apparently, the first cells to appear in the fossil record (3.5 billion years ago) were bacteria-like and prokaryotic/eukaryotic

Answer 5

prokaryotic

Question 6

____ cells have organelles and a nucleus,

Answer 6

eukaryotic

Question 7

The origin of complex eukaryotic cells was most likely a type of _____ among prokaryotic cells.

Answer 7

symbiosis

Question 8

This may have involved aerobic bacteria which were engulfed by anaerobic bacteria that were unable to tolerate the increasing oxygen (anaerobic) in the atmosphere caused by photosynthetic bacteria. These engulfed aerobic bacteria had the necessary enzymes for deriving energy in the presence of oxygen and may have become what organelle found in most modern eukaryotic cells.

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

Engulfed photosynthetic bacteria evolved into ____; which are the descendants of the green algae lineage, later giving rise to multicellular plants.

Answer 9

chloroplast

Question 10

a. They lack a cell wall, unlike plants
b. They have at least one motile stage in the life cycle.
c. Most ingest their food.

Answer 10

protozoa

Question 11

have intracellular specialization or organization of organelles in cells

Answer 11

protozoa

Question 12

Cells may have distinct functions; some colonial protozoa have separate somatic and reproductive ____.

Answer 12

zooids

Question 13

Asexual reproduction occurs by ____ in protozoa

Answer 13

mitotic division

Question 14

have the simplest exoskeletons.

Answer 14

shelled protozoa

Question 15

obtaining nourishment by feeding on plants or other animals

Answer 15

holozoic

Question 16

Over 64,000 species are named; half are ____

Answer 16

fossils

Question 17

Although they are unicellular organisms, protozoan cell ____ are highly specialized

Answer 17

organelles

Question 18

They can be fantastically numerous, forming gigantic ocean ___deposits

Answer 18

soil

Question 19

About 10,000 are symbiotic in or on animals or plants; some are human disease agents.

Answer 19

protozoa

Question 20

Protozoa have only one non-reproductive cell type and lack embryonic development; embryonic development is one of the criteria for

Answer 20

metazoa

Question 21

They are unicellular with some colonial and multicellular stages.

Answer 21

protozoan phyla

Question 22

Most are microscopics

Answer 22

protozoan phyla

Question 23

All ____are present within members of the group

Answer 23

symmetries

Question 24

3 types of symmetry

Answer 24

spherical
radial
bilateral symmetry

Question 25

are germ layers present in protozoan phyla?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

are organs and tissues formed in protozoa?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

They include free-living, mutualistic, commensal and parasitic forms.

Answer 27

protozoa

Question 28

They move by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia and they can direct cell movements

Answer 28

protozoa

Question 29

phylum and subphylum of amoeba

Answer 29

Sacromastigophora Sarcodina

Question 30

paramecium phylum and class

Answer 30

ciliophora oligohymenophora

Question 31

ciliated protozoan

Answer 31

paramecium

Question 32

pseudopodia protozoa

Answer 32

amoeba

Question 33

flagellated protozoa example

Answer 33

euglena

Question 34

phylum subphylum class euglena

Answer 34

sarcomastigophora mastigophora phytomastigophorea

Question 35

Most are ___, but some have a simple endoskeleton or exoskeleton

Answer 35

naked

Question 36

Reproduction is asexual by ___, ___or cysts; or sexual by ____coloor syngamy of gametes

Answer 36

fission budding conjugation

Question 37

in phytomastigophorea, pandorina, eudorina, synura, gonium, and dinobryon are ___

Answer 37

colonial

Question 38

ptychodiscus, ceratium, and clamydomas are ___

Answer 38

dinoflagellates

Question 39

noctiluca, peranema, and chlomonas have no pigments and are not ___

Answer 39

photosynthetic

Question 40

colonial flagellate with cells similar to those found in sponges

Answer 40

Codosiga

Question 41

commonly fouind in gut of termites and wood reoaches, where they help digest cellulose from the wood eaten by insects

Answer 41

Trichonympha Spirotrichonympha Trichomonas

Question 42

parasite of various animals, and some species cause serious disease in humans and domestic animals

Answer 42

Trypansoma

Question 43

intestinal parasite of mammals that causes diarrhea in humans

Answer 43

Giardia

Question 44

ameboid marine protozoa that secrete a calcareous, many-chambered test in which to live and then extrude protoplasm through pores to form a layer over the outside

Answer 44

foraminiferans

Question 45

All of the members of this phylum are propelled by a long whip-like projection called a flagellum.

Answer 45

phylum zoomastigophora

Question 46

Almost all of the zoomatigians have one, two, or more flagella; but in some members, a ____ is lacking

Answer 46

flagellum

Question 47

are heterotrophic, and most are free-living, but some are parasitic

Answer 47

flagellates

Question 48

It is believed that the first eukaryotic cells were

Answer 48

flagellates

Question 49

. Because of genetic variation and natural selection, some of these may have given rise to plantlike organisms while other have evolved into more highly adapted and specialized animal types.

Answer 49

flagellates

Question 50

The organisms in this phylum are characterized by having hair-like projections called cilia, which they use for locomotion and food-getting

Answer 50

ciliophora

Question 51

have same basic structures as flagella, but are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella

Answer 51

cilia

Question 52

they possess two different types of nuclei: a large macronucleus and one or more smaller micronuclei.

Answer 52

ciliophora

Question 53

is concerned with the general control of cell activities,

Answer 53

macronucleus

Question 54

is involved in sexual reproduction. Like the flagellates, the ciliates are heterotrophic, a few being parasitic.

Answer 54

micronucleus

Question 55

reproduce asexually by binary fission; dividing into two equal daughter cells.

Answer 55

ciliates

Question 56

may also reproduce sexually, allowing for greater genetic variability, through a process called conjugation.

Answer 56

paramecium

Question 57

During this process, two individuals come to lie with their ventral sides together, and a protoplasmic bridge forms between them

Answer 57

conjugation

Question 58

The macronucleus/micronucleus disintegrates and gradually disappears. The macronuclei/micronuclei divide several times and finally the Paramecium exchanges some of their nuclear material.

Answer 58

macronucleus micronuclei

Question 59

The members of this phylum move by protoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia (false feet)

Answer 59

sarcodina

Question 60

are also important in food-getting. They surrounded the food and enclose it in a food vacuole in the process known as phagocytosis.

Answer 60

sarcodina

Question 61

is a “blob of protoplasms” with no definite shape

Answer 61

amoeba

Question 62

have pseudopodia and some have flagellated gametes

Answer 62

sporozoa

Question 63

The most widely-known member of the sporozoan phylum is

Answer 63

plasmodium

Question 64

the blood parasite which causes malaria in man

Answer 64

plasmodium

Question 65

is carried by a secondary host, the female Anopheles mosquito, which transmits malaria to man

Answer 65

plasmodium

Question 66

. They typically have a life cycle in which a sexual stage alternates with a spore-producing asexual stage

Answer 66

sporozoa

Question 67

develop as the result of multiple fission of a “mother cell”.

Answer 67

spores

Question 68

Some are amoeboid and others are encapsulated

Answer 68

sporozoa