Long Exam Crash Course

Question 1

refers to the study of the diversity of animals and their evolutionary relationships

Answer 1

sytematics

Question 2

concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

Answer 2

Taxonomy

Question 3

main task of systematics

Answer 3

identification
nomenclature
classification

Question 4

type of dichotomous key

Answer 4

yoked/indented key
bracketed/parallel key
serial or numbered key

Question 5

the objective standard of reference for the application of zoological names

Answer 5

type specimens

Question 6

A particular specimen of an organism where to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.

Answer 6

type

Question 7

Serves as a baseline to centralize and define the characteristics/features of a particular taxon.

Answer 7

type

Question 8

where a description has been based on a series of specimens, these collectively constitute the name-bearing type

Answer 8

syntype

Question 9

– One of a number of syntypes which has been designated later as the single name-bearing type of a species, the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes and have no further name-bearing function

Answer 9

lectotype

Question 10

– A single specimen designated or otherwise fixed as the name bearing type of a species name when it was first described

Answer 10

holotype

Question 11

Where there is a holotype, the other specimens in the type series are paratypes (Rec. 73D), and they have no name-bearing function.

Answer 11

paratype

Question 12

A special kind of holotype in the case of extant protistans, which can consist of more than one individual (Article 73.3).

Answer 12

hapantotype

Question 13

A single specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a species name when the original type(s) is lost or destroyed and a new type is needed to define the species. Under exceptional circumstances the Commission may use its plenary powers to designate neotypes for example if an existing name bearing type is not in accord with prevailing usage (Article 75)

Answer 13

neotype

Question 14

– a designated specimen of opposite sex to the holotype. This term has no name bearing function and is not regulated by the code (Rec. 72A).

Answer 14

allotype

Question 15

microscopic unicellular prokaryotes

Answer 15

bacteria

Question 16

has no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

Answer 16

bacteria

Question 17

can be classified into shape arrangement and gram stain reaction

Answer 17

bacteria

Question 18

shape of cocci

Answer 18

shperical

Question 19

shape of bacilli

Answer 19

rods

Question 20

shape of vibrio

Answer 20

comma

Question 21

shape of spirochaetes

Answer 21

corkscrew

Question 22

arrangement of paired bacteria

Answer 22

diplococci

Question 23

arrangement of chained bacteria

Answer 23

streptococci

Question 24

arrangement of clustered bacteria

Answer 24

staphylococci

Question 25

arrangement of sarcina

Answer 25

tetrad

Question 26

amount of this can determine if the bacteria is gram + or gram -

Answer 26

peptidoglycan

Question 27

crystal violet acts as the

Answer 27

primary stain

Question 28

counter stain

Answer 28

safranin

Question 29

gram + what color

Answer 29

purple or violet

Question 30

gram - color

Answer 30

pink

Question 31

can be decolourized to accept counter stain

Answer 31

gram -

Question 32

retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple

Answer 32

gram +

Question 33

thin peptidoglycan layer

Answer 33

gram -

Question 34

thick peptidoglycan layer

Answer 34

gram +

Question 35

teichoic acid in gram - bacteria

Answer 35

absent

Question 36

teichoic acid in gram + bacteria

Answer 36

present

Question 37

periplasmic space in gram - bacteria

Answer 37

present

Question 38

periplasmic space in gram + bacteria

Answer 38

absent

Question 39

outermembrane in gram + gram -

Answer 39

gram + (absent) gram - (present)

Question 40

liposaccharide content in gram - gram +

Answer 40

gram + (none) gram - (high)

Question 41

lipid and lipid protein content of gram +/-

Answer 41

gram + (low) gram - (high)

Question 42

cell wall composition of gram - bacteria

Answer 42

70-120 armstrong thick two layered lipid content is high

Question 42

cell wall composition of gram + bacteria

Answer 42

cell wall is 100-120 armstrong thick mutli layered lipid content is low

Question 43

identify the bacteria Shape - Rod Arrangement - Chains of Single Gram reaction - Gram +

Answer 43

Bacillus sp.

Question 43

identify the bacteria shape - circular/spherical arrangements - clustered gram reaction - gram +

Answer 43

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 44

identify the bacteria shape - spiral arrangement - single gram reaction - gram -

Answer 44

spirillum

Question 45

identify the bacteria shape - spherical arrangement - chain gram reaction - gram +

Answer 45

streptococcus

Question 46

shaped like irregular cocci, thermophilic, acidophilic, thriving in environment with temp ranging from 55-95 use sulfur or reduced inorganic sulfur as their energy source

Answer 46

sulfolobulus

Question 47

sulfolobus belonsg in the kingdom

Answer 47

crenarchaeota

Question 48

rod-shaped usually found at the bottom of the ocean near hydrothermal vents

Answer 48

pyrodictium

Question 49

which kingdom does the pyrodictium belong to

Answer 49

crenarchaeota

Question 50

thermophilic rod-shaped organisms that also use sulfur as a source of energy

Answer 50

thermoproteus

Question 51

kingdom that thermoproteus belongs to

Answer 51

crenarchaeota

Question 52

found in high temp. oik fields, both autotrophic and heterotrophic

Answer 52

archaeoglobus

Question 53

kingdom of archaeoglobus

Answer 53

euryarchaeota

Question 54

strain of Archaeoglobus that get energy from CO2, hydrogen, sulfate

Answer 54

A. lithotrophicus

Question 55

strain of Archaeoglobus that use CO2 and acetate to produce energy

Answer 55

A. profundus

Question 56

rod-shaped with a single lipid bilayer membrane that is surrounded by a glycoprotein cell wall flagellated and capable of moving towards a source of light, especially in yellow green light

Answer 56

halobacterium

Question 57

photosynthetic pigment of halobacteria

Answer 57

bacteriorhopdopsin

Question 58

rod-shaped, gram positive, non-motile bacteria that have fimbriae enabling them to bind to certain receptors and conolize given body regions of host

Answer 58

methanobacterium

Question 59

kingdom halobacterium is in

Answer 59

euryarchaeota

Question 60

extremely thermophilic marine archaebacterium that gorws at temp. up to 98 irregularly shaped, heterotrophic, major constituents of organic mater within marine hot water ecosystems

Answer 60

thermococcus

Question 61

kingdom of thermococcus

Answer 61

euryarchaeota

Question 62

growth requires pH of 0.8 to 4.0 and a temp of approximately 45 to 60 degrees thrive in hot, acidic environments, dependent on sulfur respiration

Answer 62

thermoplasma

Question 63

kingdom of thermoplasma

Answer 63

euryarchaeota

Question 64

versatile substrate utilization, embracing acetate, methylated compounds, coupled with unique capacity for carbon dioxide reduction through direct interspecies electron transfer

Answer 64

methanosarcina

Question 65

kingdom methanosarcina is in

Answer 65

euryarchaeota

Question 66

unique adaptation to hypersalin environments, being obligate halophiles that require high NaCl concentrations to thrive

Answer 66

halococcus

Question 67

kingdom halococcus is in

Answer 67

euryarchaeota

Question 68

thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria that thrive in hydrothermal environment gram negative, non sporulating, motile nature, often grow aerobically while utilizing molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur, or thiosulfate

Answer 68

aquifex

Question 69

phylum aquifex belongs to

Answer 69

aquficae

Question 70

possess a negative gram bacterial cell structure with tripartite cell envelope consisting of a plasma membrane, thin middle layer, and thicker, irregular outer layer

Answer 70

thermus aquaticus

Question 71

phylum thermus aquaticus is in

Answer 71

deinococcota

Question 72

bacterium with curved, rod-shaped cells that are between 1.0 and 2.0 um in length gram negative, strictly anaerobic, motile through a single polar flagellum

Answer 72

chrysiogenes

Question 73

phylum chrysiogenaceae belongs to

Answer 73

chrysiogenes

Question 74

can survive in the dark if oxygen is available, has a dark orange color

Answer 74

chloroflexus aurantiacus

Question 75

chloroflexus phylum

Answer 75

chloroflexota

Question 76

filamentous with solitary filaments and are in free clusters or in macroscopic mats cells are cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or spherical

Answer 76

anabaena

Question 77

phylum of anabaena

Answer 77

cyanobacteria

Question 78

characterized by bacteria that are obligately anaerobic, photoautotrophic, which includes green sulfur baceria

Answer 78

chlorobium

Question 79

chlorobium phyla

Answer 79

chlorobi

Question 80

obligate aerobic, extremely thin, tightly coiling spirochetes that are distinguished by some sort of flexuous movement

Answer 80

leptospira

Question 81

cause of leptospirosis

Answer 81

L. interrogans

Question 82

phylum of leptospira

Answer 82

Spirochaetes

Question 83

genus of gram positive, spore-forming baceteria rod shaped and group in pairs or small chains, vegetative cells are formed aerotolerant

Answer 83

clostridium

Question 84

phylum clostridium is in

Answer 84

firmicutes

Question 84

fresh, marine, and brackish water samples all include them

Answer 84

planctomyces

Question 85

ovoid in shape and have a holfast, known as the stalk

Answer 85

planctomyces

Question 86

phylum planctomyces

Answer 86

plantomycecota

Question 87

glyocside hydrolases are abundant in this, have unique class of genes for cytochrome c synthesis

Answer 87

verrumicrobium

Question 88

phylum of verrumicrobia

Answer 88

verrumicrobium

Question 89

regarded as opportunistic pathogens

Answer 89

Fusobacterium

Question 90

non-sporulating, slendered, tapered end bacilli that are gram negative and anaerobic

Answer 90

fusobacterium

Question 91

phylum of fusobacterium

Answer 91

fusobacteria

Question 92

group of bacteria that are defined as gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that move by gliding

Answer 92

cytophaga

Question 93

cytophaga phylum

Answer 93

bacteroidata

Question 94

flavobacterium phyla

Answer 94

bacteroidota

Question 95

don't have genuine cell walls and, as a result of their distinct cell envelope structure, react to gram-negative staining

Answer 95

fibrobacter

Question 96

phyla fibrobacter

Answer 96

fibrobacterota

Question 97

located in the periplasmic area between outer membrane and protoplasmic cylinder, drive long, flexible, helical shaped cells

Answer 97

borrelia

Question 98

commonly referred to spirochetes

Answer 98

borrelia

Question 99

phyla of borrelia

Answer 99

spirochaetota

Question 100

unusual bacteria, lacking cell walls, antibiotics don't act on these since they don't have cell walls

Answer 100

mycoplasma

Question 101

phylum of mycoplasma

Answer 101

mycoplasmatota

Question 102

rod-shaped, gram positive, catalase positive, nonmotile, non spore forming colonies might range from white to orange or pink

Answer 102

mycobacterium

Question 103

phylum of microbacterium

Answer 103

actinomycetota

Question 104

gram positive, nonmotile, tiny slender bacilli that are found in chains smooth, convex, and transluscent appearance hydrolyzes esculin and fermenting carbohydrates

Answer 104

lactobacillus

Question 105

phyla of lactobacillus

Answer 105

bacillota

Question 106

globally distributed genus of spherical bacteria, gram positive

Answer 106

micrococcus

Question 107

phyla of micrococcus

Answer 107

actinomycetota

Question 108

bacterium with a straight, rod-like form, organized singly or in pairs

Answer 108

escherichia

Question 109

phyla of escherichia

Answer 109

pseudomonadota