EENT test Flashcards
1
Q
purpose of the iris
A
regulate the amount of light entering the eye
2
Q
the nerve that carries visual impulses to the brain is?
A
optic nerve
3
Q
what does the anterior chamber of the eye contain?
A
aqueous humor
4
Q
procedure to treat retinal detachment
A
scleral buckling
5
Q
uses ultrasonic energy to fragment the lens during extracapsular cataract extraction
A
phacoemulsifier
6
Q
place where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?
A
blind spot
7
Q
what cranial nerve is the optic nerve?
A
2
8
Q
transparent anatomical structure known as the window of the eye?
A
cornea
9
Q
term to describe the condition when the eyes are crossed?
A
strabismus
10
Q
medications that dilate the eye pupils are?
A
mydriatics
11
Q
mydriatic example
A
atropine
12
Q
miotic example
A
miochol
13
Q
contains the vitreous humor, a gelatenous substance which helps maintain the eyeball’s shape
A
posterior chamber
14
Q
left eye abbrev.
A
OS
15
Q
right eye abbrev.
A
OD
16
Q
incision made into the eardrum?
A
myringotomy, paracentesis, tympanotomy
17
Q
procedure uses a graft to reapir a perforated eardrum to help restore or improve hearing?
A
tympanoplasty
18
Q
an alligator forceps is used to place an ear tube in the tympanic membrane during a myringotomy?
A
true
19
Q
describe the surgical specialty that treats diseases of the ear, nose, throat
A
otorhinolaryngology
20
Q
general consideration during all ears, nose or throat procedures?
A
always have suction available
21
Q
what is the organ of corti known as?
A
organ of hearing
22
Q
what is the stapes a part of?
A
auditory ossicles
23
Q
structure that connects the middle ear and throat, allowing the eardrum to vibrate freely?
A
eustachian tube
24
Q
what cranial nerve is the acoustic nerve?
A
8
25
procedure in which an incision is made into the canine fossa of the upper jaw to expose the antrum and clean out the sinus cavity?
caldwell luc
26
name the 4 paranasal sinuses
maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphendoidal
27
structure that serves as a boundary between the external auditory canal and the middle ear
tympanic membrane
28
name the procedure performed to remove a cholesteatoma
mastoidectomy
29
3 bones found in the middle ear
malleous, incus, stapes
30
washing hands for eye surgery?
wash powder from gloves, can act as a foreign body
31
suture for eye surgery
4-0 to 12-0
32
7 bones to form eye
sphenoid, ethmoid, superior maxillary, zygomatic, lacrimal and palate
33
extrinsic muscles
functions to move the eye in various directions and helps focus them together
34
conjunctivea
transparent membrane that lines the eyelide
35
eyelids
protects the globe and eye from light, injury
36
canthus
where eyelids meet
37
lacrimal caruncle
pink tissue mass at inner corner
38
lacrimal apparatus
produces and secretes tears
39
lacrimal gland
secretes tears
40
lacrimal ducts
carry tears from inner canthus to the lacrimal sac
41
lacrimal punctum
opening of duct
42
lacrimal sac
drains into the nose
43
cornea
allows light rays to pass to retina, window of the eye
44
sclera
white, provides support to the eye
45
choroid
prevents reflection of light within eyeball
46
ciliary body
affects accommodation of eye
47
iris
colored part of the eye
48
pupil
in center of eye, actually an opening
49
retina
receives images and sends to brain via optic nerve
50
optic disc
where the optic nerve enters the eye
51
macula
yellow spot in center of retina
52
fovea centralis
containing only cones
53
myopic
nearsighted
54
hyperopic
farsighted
55
anterior chamber
lies in front of the iris, filled with aqueous humor
56
canal of schlemm
drains excess fluid
57
glaucoma
increased pressure
58
lens
reflects light to retina
59
vitreous body
gelatinous mass, maintains shape of eyeball
60
what fills posterior 4/5 of eyeball?
vitreous body
61
optic nerve
carries visual impulses to the brain, 2
62
oculomotor nerve
moves eyeball and constricts pupil, 3
63
trochlear nerve
innervates the superior oblique muscle, 4
64
abducens
innervates the lateral rectus muscle, 6
65
opthalmic artery
main arterial supply to the orbit and globe
66
central retinal artery and vein
travels through the optic nerve
67
both eyes abbrev.
OU
68
excision of chalazion
hard tumor found on the inner or outer surface of the eyelid
69
repair of entropian
abnormal inversion of lower eyelid
70
repair of ectropian
abnormal sagging and eversion of lower eyelid causing excess tearing
71
blepharoptosis repair
abnormal drooping of upper eyelid caused by lack of muscle strength
72
lacrimal duct probing
obstruction or narrowing of lacrimal duct
73
dacryocystorrhinostomy
creation of a new tear passageway from the lacrimal sac directly into the nasal cavity for drainage
74
enucleation
removal of entire globe within insertion of a round implant into the socket
75
what is enucleation done for?
intraocular malignance
76
evisceration
removal of contents of the eye, leaving the sclera and attached muscles intact
77
excision of ptergium
triangular encroachment of conjunctiva which slowly proliferates to the front of the cornea
78
strabismus
both eyes are not directed or focused the same object
79
esotropia
one or both eyes turn intoward the nose
80
exotropia
one or both eyes turn out
81
hypertropia
one eye is higher than the other
82
lateral resection for strabismus
portion of muscle is excised and severed end is re attached at original insertion point
83
lateral muscle?
too long
84
mediat recession strabismus
muscle is severed at point of insertion and sutured further back
85
medial muscle?
too short
86
repair of eye lacerations
apposed with 10-0 suture or tissue
87
corneal transplant
thickened or opaque cornea caused by disease or degeneration
88
what is corneal transplant done for?
to improve vision using tissue donor graft
89
trephine
used to obtain full thickness corneal button 7-8 mm in diameter
90
lasik
curvature of cornea is re shaped using an excimer laser
91
cataract extraction
removal of the lens which has become opaque, restore vision
92
iridectomy
section of iris tissue is removed
93
trabeculectomy
incising a flap, creating a fistula
94
scleral buckling
band is placed around eye and secured with a silicone band
95
retinopexy
air or gas bubble is injected to press against detached retina
96
cryotherapy
causes inflammatory reaction
97
vitrectomy
removal of the vitreous humor
98
anterior vitrectomy
removing small portions of the vitreous from front structures of the eyes
99
posterior segment vitrectomy
removal of retained posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies
100
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctive commonly due to an infection
101
macular degeneration
loss of vision in the center of the visual field
102
nitrous oxide
nerve used on middle ear procedures
103
pinna (auricles)
projection part of the ear, collects sound waves
104
external auditory canal
directs sound waves
105
temporal bone
composed of squamous and mastoid air cells
106
tympanic membrane
eardrum, vibrates when sound waves strike it
107
malleus
transmits vibrations from eardrum to incus
108
stapes
transmits vibrations from incus to oval window
109
oval and round window
stapes transmits vibrations via fluid of inner ear though these membrans
110
semicircular canals
contain receptors that detect motion
111
cochlea
contains receptors for hearing
112
equilibrium
inner ear function
113
semicircular canals
organ of equilibrium
114
hearing loss factors
dieases, trauma, infection
115
conductive hearing loss
interference of soundwave transmission
116
sensori neural hearing loss
involves the inner ear or cochlear division of the acoustic nerve
117
tympanogram
measures vibrations of tympanic membrane
118
ENG
tests balance mechanism of inner ear
119
tuning fork
measures bone conduction
120
audiometry
tests hearing
121
serous otitis media
eustachian tube is blocked, middle ear pressure increases
122
acute otitis media
comes on quicker
123
chronic otitis media
recurrent middle ear infections, may causes hearing loss
124
path of sound transmission
occurs through bone, air and fluid conduction
125
vestibular nervve
equilibrium
126
cochlear nerve
hearing
127
what do the vestibular and cochlear nerve form?
8th cranial nerve
128
function of the nose
passageway for air between outside of body and the lungs
129
nares
cartilage structures which form the nose
130
posterior nares
opens directly into pharynx
131
alar cartilage nose
form the nares
132
nostrils
actual opening of nares
133
nasal septum
divides the 2 chambers
134
anterior nasal septum
cartilage
135
posterior nasal septum
bony attachment to ethmoid and volmer bones
136
meatus nose
nasal cavity passageway
137
turbinates nose
projections from the nasal lateral wall
138
names of nose turbinates
inferior, middle, superior
139
paranasal sinuses
air cavities lined with mucous membrane
140
function of paranasal sinuses
lighten weight of skull, secrete mucous
141
pharynx
passageway from base of skull to esophagus (throat)
142
nasopharynx
most superior- located behind nasal cavity
143
where are the tonsils and adenoids located?
nasopharynx
144
oropharynx
middle portion-ends at hyoid bone
145
where is the palatine tonils located?
oropharynx
146
lingual tonsils
located on posterior surface at base of tongue
147
laryngopharynx
inferior portion, larynx found here
148
larynx
voicebox, between trachea and pharynx
149
thyroid cartilage
adams apple
150
trachea
windpipe
151
endaural
through ear canal
152
transcanal
through ear canal
153
postauricular
behind the ear, most common, allows for better exposure
154
what do power drills use?
burrs only
155
nitrous oxide
should be avoided in ear surgery, may increase middle ear pressure
156
myringotomy with tube insertion
| purpose/goal
incision into tympanic membrane entering a drainage tube
| GOAL: decrease inner ear pressure and re establish drainage
157
glove rule for myringotomy
never touch tube with gloves
158
myringoplasty with fat graft
after ear tubes have been removed, fat taken out behind ear and placed over tympanic membrane defect
159
stapedectomy
| purpose/goal
removal of stapes with insertion of prosthesis
| GOAL: restore hearing by re establishing the linkage between incus and oval window
160
what is a stapedectomy indicated for?
progressive deafness due to otosclerosis
161
do they use a drill in stapedectomy?
yes
162
mastoidectomy
| purpose/indication
removal of diseased bone of the mastoid process and mastoid space
indication: cholesteatoma
163
cholesteatoma
accum. of squamous epithelium in middle ear and mastoid
164
simple mastoidectomy
removal of diseased mastoid bone
165
modified radical mastoidectomy
removal of diseased mastoid bone and some of the ossicles and canal wall
166
what is used during mastoidectomy for precaution?
facial nerve monitoring to identify/preserve facial nerve
167
tympanoplasty
| purpose/goal
restoration of a diseased tympanic membrane or middle ear structure due to chronic otitis media or cholesteotoma
GOAL: repair perforation in the TM
168
cochlear implant
sound is transformed into electrical system in the speech processor
169
bone anchored hearing aid
moderate to severe conductive hearing loss
170
semi implantable hearing aid
used in middle ear, directly stimulates the ossicles
171
vertigo
inappropriate perception of motion
172
menieres disease
affects hearing and balance to a varying degree
173
nasal septal reconstruction
| purpose/goal
excision and resection of nasal cartilage
| GOAL: correct deviated septum
174
cartilage for nasal reconstruction
save in saline moistened raytec in a safe place, don't throw away
175
treatment of epistaxis
surgery once ER tx has failed
176
nasal antrostomy
chronic maxillary sinusitis, caldwell luc used to treat it
177
caldwell luc procedure
| purpose/goal
naso antral window is cut out of the maxillary bone to remove sinus mucosa
GOAL: clear away scar tissue from chronic infection
178
symptoms caldwell luc
headache, cough
179
sinus endoscopy
| purpose/goal
excision of polyps, inflamed defects of the sinuses
| GOAL: re establish ventilation by clearing the sinuses
180
ethmoidectomy
| purpose/goal
removal of diseased portion of middle turbinate
| GOAL: treat chronic infalmm. sinus disease
181
sphenoidectomy
creation of an opening into 1 or both sphenoidal sinuses
182
nasal plypectomy
removal of polyps from the nasal cavity
183
turbinectomy
removal of hypertrophied turbinates
184
local/topical anesthetics
tetracaine, cocaine, novocaine, xylocaine, marcaine
185
cocaine
vasoconstriction, not injected, tinted
186
adrenalin (epi)
rapid vasoconstrictor
187
neosynephrine
reduces swelling
188
mydriatics
dilate pupils
| *phenylephrine
189
cycloplegic
prevents focusing dilate eye
| *mydriacyl
190
miotic
constricts pupilss *miochol
191
corticosteroids
prevents normal inflamm. response
| *celestone
192
dyes
fluorescein sodium, gentian violet
193
enzymatics
alpha chymar, chymotrypsin
194
lubricants
healon, viscot
195
irrigants
balanced salt solution, tis u sol
196
retrobulbar
used for cataract surgery, temporary eye paralysis
197
van lint
used for eyelid surgery, prevents squeezing of eyelid
198
o brien
eyelid surgery, prevents squeezing of eyelid
199
extraocular
procedures performed on the exterior surface of the eye or orbit
200
intraocular
procedures performed on the interior of the eye, will always use a microscope
201
when the eustachian tubes are blocked by hypertrophied adenoids, fluid accumulates in the middle ear from blood vessels located in the middle ear mucos?
true
202
instrument used to hold the mouth open during T&A
mcivor
203
function of the hurd dissector/pillar retractor?
retract tonsillar fossa
204
at what age does the adenoid tissue shrink and basically disappear?
17
205
what type of mid facial fracture is the most common?
le fort 1
206
what function does a mouth prop have?
keep jaw apart
207
what is the purpose of inserting a throat pack?
prevent aspiration of blood
208
when is the throat pack removed?
before transport
209
what procedures may be performed during dental restorations?
fillings, caps
210
name the layers of skin included in a full thickness skin graft?
epidermis, dermis
211
name the device used to expand the size of a split thickness skin graft
mesh grafter
212
what sterile liquid is placed on the donor skin site as a lubricant when a split thickness skin graft is taken
mineral oil
213
what is the medical term for the charred and pearly white appearance of tissue damaged by a 3rd degree burn
eschar
214
name the muscle that is commonly used as a pedicle graft during a breast reconstruction?
trans rectus abdominis
215
what is a stent dressing?
used on skin grafts to maintain contact
216
what methods can be used to adhere a skin graft to the recipient site?
suture
217
3 types of dermatoms and examples
knife-weck
battery-duval
electric-brownaire
218
autograft
patients own body
219
allograft
donors body
220
cosmetic procedure commonly performed to correct protruding external ears
otoplasty
221
eye surgeries are divided into extraocular and intraocular procedures. an example of an extraocular procedure would be?
removal of chalazion
222
types of surgeries done on the eyelids
blepharoplasty
entropian repair
correction for ptosis
ectropian repair
223
split thickness graft contains epidermis and a small portion of dermis?
true
224
during a skin grafting procedure, the donor site is where the graft will be placed on the paint?
false
225
rhinoplasty is the reconstruction of the nose for cosmetic purposes
true
226
name the congenital defect in which the palatine bones don't completely fuse during gestation
cleft palate
227
procedure where the nasal cartilage is excised and resected to correct a deviated septum
septoplasty
228
4 considerations when handling/cleaning microsurgical instruments
tips don't rest on anything
tips come together
don't crush
clean them good
229
surgery performed to correct microtia involves?
reconstruction of an absent portion of the ear
230
describe anomly syndactyly
abnormal connection of 2 or more fingers
231
type of dermatome used for skin grafts
brown air split thickness!!!
232
graft completelu detached from donor site and transferred to recipient site
free graft
233
graft with vessel attachments left intact and transferred to recipient site
pedicle flap
234
T&A
| surgery/path/goal
excision of tonsils and adenoids, lingual tonsils not removed
PATH:chorinc tonsillitis, cancer
GOAL: excise infected tonsils
235
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
| surgery/goal
cut out some of the soft tissue of the palate and stitch it up
GOAL: treat intractable snoring
236
choanal atresia
congenital anomaly of the seophagus
237
dental extractions
removal of 1 or more tooth due to gum and or tooth disease
238
arch bars
| purpose/goal
used to immobilize the jaw following jaw fracture
| GOAL: repair fractured mandible
239
what must accompany pt to pacu after arch bars?
wire cutters
240
orbital floor fractuses
separates the eye from the maxillary sinus
241
orbital blowouts
involves 1 or more bones of the orbit
242
symptoms/goals of orbital fracture
double vision
| GOAL: restore bone to correct anatomical position
243
repair of fractured zygoma
due to blunt trauma, depressed fracture, trimalar fracture
244
lefort 1
bilateral fracture of the maxilla
245
lefort 2
fracture extends into nasal and ethmoid bones
246
lefort 3
fractures are located high in the midface
247
craniofacial reconstruction
for craniofacial deformities, coronal flap
248
correction of retrognathism or prognathism
correction of jaw deformities
249
TMJ
usually treated with conservative treatment by a dentist
250
what shouldn't be used on fingers and toes?
tissue necrosis
251
dermatome
cutting instrument designed to remove a split thickness graft
252
1st degree burn
outside layer of epidermis, heals in a few days
253
2nd degree burn
epidermis and portion of dermis, blister, scar formation
254
3rd degree burn
destrcution of entire skin thickness extending into subq and or further, white skin with minimal pain
255
burn washing
patients with 3rd degree burn
256
composite graft
surgical reconstruction, highly vascular areas
257
rhytidectomy
removal of excess skin of face and neck area with tightening of underlying support structues
GOAL: improve appearance
258
repair of radial dysplasia
congenital defect commonly referred to as clubhand
259
how many classifications of deformities are there?
4
260
blepharoplasty
removal of excess skin and peri orbital fat of the upper and or lower eyelids
GOAL: aesthetic improvement
261
endoscopic brow lift
minimizes heaviness of the brow
262
malar implants
cheek implants
263
mentoplasty
cosmetic appearance of the chin
264
dermabrasion
smooth skin surfaces that have been damaged by scars, acne
| use dermabrader
265
cleft lip
splitting of the upper lip
| orbicularis oris muscle is aproximated
266
augmentation mammoplasty
implantation of breast prosthesis
267
reconstruction mammoplasty
after mastectomy, restors appearance of breast
268
capsulotomy
exaggearated scar response to the breast implant
269
mastopexy
correct breast ptosis
270
abdominoplasty
excision of excess abd skin
271
suction lipectomy
removal of excess fat deposits
272
tumescence irrigation
helps in breaking up fatty tissue and aid in hemostasis
273
polydactyly
duplication of digits, excess digit is excised
274
another name for adenoids?
pharyngeal tonsils
275
names of dermatomes
brown, zimmer, padgett hood
276
used to remove tonsils from the fossa during tonsillectomy
tonsil snar
277
abnormal drooping of the upper eyelid
ptosis
278
what isn't used to peform a turbinectomy?
percutaneous
