Test D-F Flashcards
1
Q
methods of transmission
A
staff
patient
equipment
2
Q
when is bipolar ESU used?
A
brain and nerve surgery
3
Q
Parasitism
A
One organism benefits and the host is harmed
4
Q
Commensalism
A
One organism benefits, and the other neither benefits or is harmed
5
Q
homologous
A
someone elses blood
6
Q
how does oxycel come?
A
POWDER or gauze
7
Q
plasma
A
liquid portion of blood
8
Q
how can microorganisms be beneficial to humans?
A
they are used in the production in some food products
9
Q
thermal hemostasis
A
application of heat or cold to control blood loss
10
Q
aerobic
A
needs oxygen
11
Q
electrosurgery
A
current used to cut tissue and coagulate bleeding
12
Q
styptics
A
causes vasoconstriction
13
Q
bacteria
A
has the ability to form spores
14
Q
what is E. Coli?
A
resident flora of the intestinal tract
15
Q
how long does topical thrombin last?
A
about 2 hours
16
Q
autologous
A
pts own blood
17
Q
what does the body do for homostasis?
A
tries to achieve it on its own
18
Q
is bone wax absorbable?
A
no
19
Q
What is the smallest microorganism?
A
Virus
20
Q
common vehicle spread
A
blood products
IV, transfusion, needles, tubes, tape
21
Q
how much of blood is water?
A
91%
22
Q
ligaclips
A
used for occluding vessels SMALL
23
Q
ligatures
A
suture tied around vessel to occlude lumen
24
Q
why are ligating clips used?
A
to save time, instead of using sutures
25
how does bacteria reproduce?
binary fission
26
electrode site placement
vascularized muscle mass, clean and dry, no hair
avoid bony, irregular
go away from other equipment
27
spirilla
curve, spiral shape
28
helistat
used to control moderate bleeding of highly vascular organs
29
what is dead space?
where the bacteria grows
30
necrotizing streptococcus A
proliferation and growth of any microorganism or virus in any area of the body
31
leukocytes
fight infection
32
what can thermal hemostasis contribute to?
higher post op wound infection
33
how do you use helistat?
use dry
34
how do you use bone wax?
warm in between your hands
35
hypothermia
reduction of body temperate for 78 degrees
36
what is a natural defense mechanism of the body when injured?
clotting
37
acquired factors for hemostasis
liver diseases
heparin
aspirin
anemia
38
is bacteria living or nonliving?
living
39
what is the third most common cause of SSI?
E. coli
40
when is hypothermia used?
heart
brain
liver
41
cocci
round shape
42
are viruses living or nonliving?
nonliving
43
ESU safety factors
```
lowest setting
place grounding pad over large muscle
keep pencil tip clean
don't place over metal implants
secure connection
```
44
direct contact
oral/fecal through a fomite
| person to person
45
indirect contact
contaminated instruments
| air, water, food
46
multiplication of organism in the tissues of the host
infection
47
cutting current
destroys tissue as it moves along line of incision
48
what prolongs local anesthetics?
epinephrine
49
association between hand washing and decrease in pus infection
Ignaz Semmelweis 1850
50
erythrocytes
transport oxygen
51
why may someone decline blood?
religious beliefs
52
monopolar ESU
has an active electrode, and inactive
53
Lister
principles of asepsis
54
occlude vessel
no blood can pump through
55
what is topical thrombin made out of
beef blood
56
coagulation current
sears end of small vessels to form clot
57
recothrom
produced through recombination of DNA
58
airborne spread
droplets
| coughing, talking
59
homophilia
when you are missing one of the 12 factors for clotting
60
hemostatic process
```
vessel injured
platelets adhere
platelet plug releases contents
thrombus
clotting factors become more stable
permanent thrombus
clot forms
```
61
virulence
disease producing capacity
62
how do you use gelfoam?
moist, press to remove air
63
when is bone wax used?
neuro and ortho
64
who invented electrosurgery?
W. T Bovie in 1920
65
cryosurgery
freezing
66
when is silver nitrate used?
nosebleeds
warts
granulation tissue
67
nosocomial
infection that develops while a patient is in a health care facility
68
what is another name for microorganisms?
microbes
69
bone wax
used on oozing bones
70
germ theory
Louis Pasteur 1861
71
vector
disease causing agent
72
laser
cut, coagulate, or vaporize tissue
73
what does the CN do about blood loss?
weighs sponges
| record on OR record
74
inactive electrode ESU
grounding pad, provide return of current from tissue back to ESU
75
bipolar ESU
one side of forceps active, other is inactive
76
what is the most common cause of SSI?
staphylococcus aureus
77
eschar
slough of tissue produced by thermal burn
78
what does pathogens equal?
infection
79
cell saver
collect
rinse and filter
anticoagulate
80
what do you need to do when applying tourniquets?
pad area
| record time
81
when should you not use oxycel?
not on bone, interferes with bone regeneration
82
is topical thrombin injected?
NEVER
83
anaerobic
Doesn’t need oxygen
84
what does autotransfusion eliminate?
incompatibility or disease transmission
85
bacillus
rod shape
86
anastomosis
reattaching vessels
87
how does body react to bone wax?
asks like it is a foreign object, so use sparingly
88
what does the ST do about blood loss?
tracks amount of irrigation used, subtracted from volume in canister
89
what is the goal of surgical hemostasis?
conserve body's total blood volume
90
what does a virus do?
invades the host cell
91
what is done for a patient having an anticipated surgery?
they will draw blood weeks prior and store in blood bank
92
what are factors that increase SSI?
```
age
obesity
general health
infection already
preexisting illness
preop hospitalization
```
93
when was the microscope invented?
1677
94
what is a pathogen?
causes infection
95
who invested the microscope?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
96
indigenous microflora
microbes that live on the skin and inside the human body
97
active electrode ESU
place on tissue by surgeon, activated by hand or foot
98
is E. Coli always bad
no, it can be good sometimes
99
what is another name for indigenous microflora?
opportunistic pathogens
100
platelets
blood clotting
101
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit from and depend on one another
102
how do you use oxycel?
dry
103
topical thrombin
powder mixed with saline, or can just be poured on location
104
what may bacteria be classified as?
anaerobic and aerobic
105
tourniquets
gives surgeon bloodless field
106
ligasure vessel sealing system
seals tissue bundles without dissection and isolation
107
HAI
healthcare associated infections
108
diathermy
used to repair detached retina
109
what does avitene do?
causes fibrin formation and clotting
110
when is gelfoam used?
spine surgery
111
what is a microorganism?
tiny life form invisible to the naked eye, they can be beneficial or disease producing
112
autotransfusion
reinfusion of blood from patients own circulation
113
what is the purpose of monitoring blood loss?
aid surgeon and anesthesia provider regarding patient status/need for replacement
114
what does styptics do?
reduces bleeding by contraction of blood vessels
115
when does gelfoam absorb?
20-40 days
116
silver nitrate
stick that looks like a large match, and place on lesion
117
how is avitene applied?
on dry, then press dry sponge on top and apply pressure
118
Fomites
inanimate objects that carry disease
119
what does hemostasis mean?
blood
| stopping
120
epinephrine
decreases bleeding
121
hemostatic clamps
used to occlude vessels
| Kelly and Pean
122
when is chemical hemostasis used?
when mechanical or thermal methods don't work
123
how much blood can gelfoam hold?
up to 45 times its weight
124
mechanical hemostasis
used in the presence of major bleeding to occlude vessels
125
EBL
estimated blood loss
126
The resistance electrons receive that causes heat
Impedance
127
how many factors are necessary for clotting?
12
