GU test Flashcards
1
Q
microscopic unit of the kidney
A
nephron
2
Q
main artery leading into the kidney
A
renal
3
Q
the renal artery is a direct branch off what major vesel?
A
aorta
4
Q
3 of the layers that enclose the kidney
A
true capsule, renal fascia, peri renal fat
5
Q
funnel shape uppermost end of the ureter
A
renal pelvis
6
Q
two structures that compose the kidney pedicle
A
renal artery
renal vein
7
Q
what space are the kidneys located in?
A
retroperitoneal space, between periotenum and back muscle
8
Q
concave notch in the kidney through which the ureter, arteries and veins enter and exit
A
hilum notch
9
Q
small triangular area near the mouth of the bladder, located between the ureteral orifice and urethra
A
trigone
10
Q
largest metabolic waste constituent of urine?
A
urea
11
Q
mucosal folds of the inner bladder
A
rugae
12
Q
what what do the renal pyramids make up?
A
renal medulla
13
Q
20-30cc of radiopaque dye is injected IV and time is noted when excretion begins from the kidneys
A
IV pyelogram or IV urogram
14
Q
flat plate xray of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, demonstrating their size, shape, and location in relation to other pelvic organs
A
KUB
15
Q
injection of radiopaque dye through a cystoscope using a ureteral catheter. Dye enters the ureters with back flow into the kidneys. done during a cystoscope
A
retrograde pyelogram
16
Q
type of catheter whose primary function is to dilate narrow strictures of the urethra
A
filiforms and followers
17
Q
BPH
A
benign prostate hyperplasia
18
Q
is BPH a cancerous, malignant enlargement of the prostate?
A
no, false
19
Q
what is hooked to the telescope?
A
light cord
20
Q
what is hooked to the sheath?
A
irrigation
21
Q
what is hooked to the working element?
A
bovie
22
Q
irrigation tubing used in the cysto room that has 1 port
A
cysto tubing
23
Q
irrigation tubing which has 2 ports, allowing 2 bags of fluid to be hung at 1 time
A
TUR tubing
24
Q
alcohol, a bacteriostatic agent, is used for cleaning a cystoscope?
A
false
25
used to dilate the male urethra
van buren sounds
26
used to dilate female urethra
otis bougie
27
3 features a cysto table has that a regular OR table don't have
wider, directly attached to xray, drainage pan attached
28
6 items you would find on a cysto set up?
lube, nipple, syringe, kelly, light cord, camera
29
sterile, isotonic, non hemolytic solution used during a TURP
sorbitol
30
where are the kidenys located?
under the dome of the diaphragm
31
are the kidneys located in the abd cavity?
NO
32
true capsule
smooth, transparent fibrous membrane INNERMOST LAYER
33
renal fascia
anchors kidney to surrounding structure- helps maintain position MIDDLE LAYER
34
peri renal fat
adipose tissue which acts as a cushion OUTERMOST LAYER
35
2 layers of kidneys
cortex, medulla
36
cortex of the kidney
outer layer
37
medulla of the kidney
inner layer, contains 8*12 renal pyramids
38
hilum notch
place where renal artery enters kidney and renal vein and ureter leave
39
renal calyces(calyx)
collect urine from renal pyramids
40
what does the renal vein drain directly into?
vena cava
41
what happens to the kidney pedicle during nephrectomy?
double clamped with pedicle clamp
42
what type of organ is the kdiney?
highly vascular
43
ureters
connect kidney to the bladder, peristalsis
44
space of retzius
area of tissue between symphsis pubis and bladder
45
urethra
transports urine out of body
46
functions of the urinary system
secretes unwanted waste, produces urea
47
urea
largest waste constituent of urine
48
where does urine formation take place?
nephrons
49
how much of urine is water?
95
50
GU surgeries male/females
male- reproductive and urinary tract
| female-urinary tract ONLY
51
problems treated by urologist
incontinence, stones, tumors, cancer
52
open GU surgeries
performed in an OR room, involves incision
53
closed GU surgeries
performed in a cysto room, uses a scope
54
urinalysis
done prior to surgery, provides valuable info regarding function and health of urinary system
55
what does urinalysis measure?
cells, protein, sugar, clarity, specific gravity, pH
56
what is normally not in urine?
protein, sugar
57
creatinine level
most reliable indicator of renal diease
58
uric acid level
measures kidneys ability to excrete metabolic products
59
first study done when examining urinary tract?
KUB
60
urodynamic studies
measures urine flow rate, vlume, pressures, electrical activity of sphincter muscles
61
babcocks
graps ureters
62
russian TF
grasp calculi
63
ptts smith
incise ureter
64
knife for incising ureter
#7 with #11 or #15 blade
65
suture using for GU procedures
chromic or vicrly SH q
66
what type of suture is never used on GU procedures?
non absorbable, provides as nucleus for stone formation
67
difference between urethral catheters and ureteral catheters?
urethral is larger
68
ureteral catheters
perform a retrograde pyelogram
69
j stent
flexible, placed using a guide wire, used to keep ureteral lumen open
70
irrigation during closed GU procedure
continuous irrigation, distends bladder wall
71
sterile water
cysto, retrograde pyelogram
72
sterile saline
cysto, retrograde pyelogram, bladder stone removal
73
when should sterile saline not be used?
with electrocautery
74
evacuators
irrigate bladder, aspirate stone fragments
75
iglesias
spring action-operates with 1 hand
76
mccarthy
need both hands to operate
77
electrodes
attach to resectoscope
78
how should the scopes never be cleaned?
by flash or autoclave
79
how many times should scopes be rinsed?
3 times with sterile water before used on patient
80
ST duty during cysto
watch irrigation level along with the nurse don't let it ever run out
81
what should you do with the ports before sterilizing?
open all of the ports
82
what is a cysto?
visualization of the urethra, bladder neck/bladder, ureteral orifices, prostate in males
83
what can a cysto diagnosis?
stones, tumors
84
stones
composed of minerals and salts
85
staghorn stone
jagged edges
86
bladder stones
can be a size of an orange
87
symptoms of renal colic
intermittent intense pain
88
hydronephrosis symptoms
dull constant pain
89
predisposing factors of stones
kidney infections, urinary stasis
90
procedures to remove stones invasive
nephrolithotomy, ureterolithotomy
91
what should never be placed on a stone?
formalin since stone will dissolve
92
nephrectomy
removal of a kidney
93
pathology for nephrectomy
renal tumors, hydronephrosis, nephrosclerosis
94
radical nephrecomty
done for cancer
95
hemi nephrectomy
portion of kidney is removed
96
nephroureterectomy
removal of kiney and its' entire ureter
97
lap nephrectomy
done for benign disease or living donor transplant
98
pyeloplasty
revision or plastic reconstruction of the renal pelvis
99
nephrostomy
catheter is placed into renal pelvis for temporary urinary diversion to outside of body
100
kidney dialysis
done for acute renal failure due to end stage renal diease
101
hemodialysis
use of an artifical kidney machine to cleans blood
102
AV shunt fistula
radial arty and cephalic vein
103
peritoneal dialysis
permanent soft catheter placed into peritoneal cavity for dialysis
104
kidney transplant
performed for end stage renal disease, pt is being kept alive by dialysis
105
is the kidney always removed when a new one is placed?
no unless it has cancer
106
where is the donor kidney transplanted?
iliac fossa
107
major post op problem after transplant?
rjection
108
hyperacute rejection
during surgery
109
acute rejection
first few months
110
chronic rejection
may occur years after transplant
111
what must the patient stay on after transplant?
immunosuppressive drugs for their lifetime, cyclosporine
112
reimplantation of ureter
indicated in children with high grade VUR
113
adrenal gland
releasing hormones in response to stress
114
pheochromocytoma
tumor which produces high bp
115
adrenalectomy
partial or total removal of one or both adrenal glands
116
positioning supplies for later position
tape, bean bag, pillow, axillary rolls
117
instrument used to strip the periosteum from the ribs during a nephrectomy
doyen rib raspatory
118
most common incision used for a nephrectomy
flank
119
suture used to repair kidney, ureter or bladder
chromic or vicryl
120
instrument used to remove a stone lodged in one of the renal calyces
randall stone forceps
121
legs during lateral position
top: straight
bottom: bent
122
procedure in which shock waves are used to fragment urological stones
shock wave lithotripsy
123
pyelolithotomy
incision of the renal pelvis of a kidney for removal of kidney stone
124
foley YV plasty
to create proper shape, for urinary drainage
125
2 kidney pedicle clamps which could be used to clamp the renal artery and vein during nephrectomy
herrick, satinsky
126
2 groups of pelvic lymph nodes that are removed during a radical retropubic prostatectomy and sent to pathology for analysis
external iliac, obturator, hypogastric
127
diagnostic procedure performed for patient's with possible prostate cancer
prostate biopsy
128
blood test to aid in diagnosis of cancer for men
PSA
129
type of anesthesia most often used for a TURP
spinal
130
type of urinary diversion procedure
ilial conduate
131
retractor used for a bladder/prostate surgery
lone star retrac. with stays
132
lcoation of the surgical incision used for a suprapubic prostatectomy
low abd-transverse or longitudinal
133
4 different types of prostatectomies
suprapubic, retropubic, perineal, TURP
134
2 types of surgical procedures that can be performed to treat femal urinary stress incontinence
TBT sling, monarch
135
lack of control over urination
stress incontinence
136
used by the surgeon to intermittently remove prostatic tissue fragments during a TURP
ellick evacuatator
137
circumcision involves the removal of what structure?
foreskin
138
surgical procedure treats cryptorchidism
orchiopexy
139
procedure that reverses a male vasectomy
vasovasotomy
140
underside of the penis
hypospadius
141
topside of the penis
epispadius
142
surgery where the high ligation of the gonadal veins is done to reduce venous plexus congestion
varicocelectomy
143
orchiectomy
removal of one or both testes
144
what structure is excised when performing a hydrocelectomy
tunica vaginalis
145
other condition can be associated with child presenting with a hydrocele
inguinal hernia
146
what condition would a urethral meatotomy be performed for?
pinpoint meatus
147
Operations for urinary stress incontinence
Tighten and restore the anterior urethral vesicle angle
148
Vesicourethal suspension
| Surgery/goal
Correct abnormal urethrovesical angle
| GOAL: bring bladder and urethra into pelvis
149
Stamey procedure
Stamely needle carrier
150
Transvaginal sling with bone anchor
Uses a device that places bone anchor into pubic bone
151
What type of material can sling be?
Cadaver fascia
152
Implantation of prosthetic urethral sphincter
Done as last measure for patient
| Artificial sphincter unit is placed abdominally
153
implantation of interstim sacral nerve stimulator
treats urinary urge incontinence
154
collagen injection
for intrinsic sphincter deficinecy
155
suprapubic cystolithotomy incision
opening made into the bladder through a low abd incision
156
suprapubic cystolithotomy
| purpose/instruments/suture
removal of large stones
allises or babcocks
absorbable suture
157
suprapubic cystostomy
| purpose
catheter inserted into bladder through abd wall
| urethral strictures, long term urinary drainage
158
radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy
total excision of urinary bladder and pelvic lymph nodes
159
bladder substitution
if bladder is well differentiated and not invasive into urethra, a neobladder may be created
160
turbt
resectoscope
| several specimens
161
testes
in scrotum, produce testosterone
162
seminiferous tubules
where sperm is manufactured
163
epididymis
secretes seminal fluid
| where sperm mature
164
vas deferens
provides an opening for the spermatic cord
165
seminal vesicles
unite with the vas deferens
| produce seminal fluid
166
alkaline
enhances sperm motility
167
fructose
an energy source for sperma
168
ejaculatory duct
seminal vessels and vas deferens join to make the ejaculatory ducts
169
prostate
contracts during ejaculation to expulse sperm
170
cowpers gland
coats urethra just before ejaculation
171
penis
contains 3 masses of cavernous
172
distal end of penis
glans penis
173
semen
sperm and secretions of seminal vesciles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
174
orchiectomy
removal of testis or testes for cancer or torsion
175
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord, causes extreme pain
176
when is an orchiopexy performed?
after torsion is reduced
177
varicocelectomy
high ligation of gonadal veins of testes to lower congestion of gonadal veins
178
what is the most common surgery for male infertility?
varicocelectomy
179
spermatocelectomy
removal of a tumor mass
180
hydrocelectomy
excision of the tunica vaginalis, accum. of fluid due to trauma
181
phimosis
inability to retract foreskin due to stricture
182
orchiopexy
correction of an undescended testicle
183
cryptorchidism
testes develop near the kidney in fetal life
184
hypospadius repair
correction of the urethral meatus, found under penis
185
should infant be circumcised if having hypospadius repair?
no, they may use that skin
186
urethroplasty
reconstruction of urethra for strictures
187
penectomy
partial or tal removal of a cancerous penis
188
what is a vasovasostomy a reconstruction of?
vas deferens
189
penile implant
insertion of semi rigid implant for diabetes, hypertension
190
paraphimosis
foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis
191
where is the prostate located?
base of bladder neck
192
suprapubic prostatectomy
benign disease, incision made into bladder
193
simple retropubic prostatectomy
benign disease, bladder not entered
194
simple perineal prostatectomy
inverted u shaped incision between scrotum and rectum
195
advantages to simple perineal prostatectomy
easier control of bleeding
196
transurethral resection of prostate
only benign disease, leaving capsule intact
| spinal anesthesia
197
radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy
organ confined prostate cancer, nerve sparing
198
core needle biopsy of prostate
diagnostic purposes
199
oliguria
small amounts of urine
200
statements about testes
located in abd in fetal life, descended by birth, cause sterility if undescended
201
wilms tumor
adenomyosarcoma of the kidney
202
routine instruments for nephrectomy
rib shears, elevators, strippers
203
cystometrography
assess the pressure response of the bladder to distention
204
kidney surgery that placement of a chest tube before closure
thoracoabdominal
205
what can you use for a av shunt?
artifical gortex graft for the shunt
206
solution for cystoscopy
sterile water
207
turb and turp requirements
resectoscope, irrigation
208
another name for vesical urethral suspension
raz procedure
209
resection of the prostate gland done through the urethra
turp
210
penile straightening and urethral reconstruction usually done in two or more stages
hypospadias repair
211
visual inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of an endoscope
cystoscopy
212
excision of the tunica vaginalis of the testis to remove the fluid filled sac
hydrocelectomy
213
ligation and partial excision of dilated veins in the scrotum
variococelectomy
214
surgical fixation of a floating or hypermobile kidney
nephropexy
215
incisions for nephrectomy
flank, thoracoabd, retroperitoneal
216
temporary diversion of urinary drainage by means of an external catheter which drains the kidney pelvis
nephrostomy
217
catheter used for straight urinary drainage
red robinson
218
Ileal conduit
Includes cystectomy with creation of pouch from portion of bowel to create a bladder pouch
219
Cysto anesthesia
Local with IV sedation
