GENERAL #1 Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
apron of fat that hangs from the greated curvature of the stomach and loops back up to attach to the transverse colon
A
greater omentum
2
Q
exit sphincter of the stomach
A
pyloric sphincter
3
Q
what segment of the large intestine is the appendix attached to?
A
ceum
4
Q
appendix quadrant
A
RLQ
5
Q
inside layer of the GI tract is lined with?
A
mucosal NOT STERILE
6
Q
outside layer of the GI tract is line with?
A
serosal membrane IS STERILE
7
Q
what envirnoment is E coli usally found in?
A
intestines
8
Q
wavelike contraction that propels food through the GI tract
A
peristalsis
9
Q
another name for the GI tract
A
alimentary canal
10
Q
5 sections of the stomach
A
cardia, fundus, body, antrum pylorus
11
Q
does the TA stapler staple and cut?
A
no!!
12
Q
what does CEEA stand for?
A
circular end to end anastomosis
13
Q
diverticulosis
A
small, bulging pouches in the large intestine
14
Q
vertical incision 4 cm lateral to the midline of the abdomen
A
paramedian
15
Q
simplest abdominal incision
A
midline
16
Q
four items for retention sutures
A
nonabsorbable suture, NH, bolster, kellys
17
Q
suture for hernia sac
A
2-0 silk SH
18
Q
subq bleeders
A
3-0 plain ties
19
Q
subq skin stich
A
3-0 vicryl PS-1 cutting
20
Q
hernia repair
A
0 ethibond CT-1 CR
21
Q
3 weakened areas in the abd wall where hernias are most likely to occur
A
inguinal canal, femoral ring, umbilicus
22
Q
irreducible hernia contents
A
can’t be returned to the normal intra abd position
23
Q
how do structures enter the inguinal canal from the abdomen?
A
internal ring
24
Q
what is the internal ring?
A
natural opening in the transversalis fascia
25
irreducible hernia in which the blood supply of the sac contents has been compromised and eventually the tissue will necrosis
strangulated
26
major supporting structure of the inguinal floor
transversalis fascia
27
what does the spermatic cord contain?
vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics
28
defect in the internal abd ring which causes peritoneum to bulge along the spermatic cord CONGENITAL
indirect inguinal hernia
29
result of stress on the abd wall which causes peritoneum to bulge through the fascia in the inguinal region ACQUIRED
direct inguinal hernia
30
what is entered when the sac of hernia is entered?
abd cavity
31
stitch placed close to the abd wall to close the sac before it is excied
purse string
32
after the sac has been excised, the surgeon will begin the repair of the transversalis fascia using a ____ technique. This is accomplished with what type of suture____
interrupted, nonabsorbable
33
what type of tissue is the hernia sac?
peritoneum
34
2 types of synthetic mesh which can be used for a herniorrhaphy to reinforce the repair
marlex, prolene
35
fat attached to the spermatic cord and sent as specimen with the hernia sac
lipoma
36
2 nerves identified and preserved during an inguinal herniorrhaphy
ili-inguinal, ilio-hypogastric
37
when fibrous bands of scar tissue bind organs together
adhesions
38
suture that will be absorbed the quicket
surgical gut
39
abd operation performed for diagnostics reasons
exploratory laparotomy
40
which would not be placed on a mayo for exploratory lap?
#3 handle with an #11 blade
41
incision for exploratory lap
midline
42
6 tissue layers that will be incised for exploratory lap
skin, subq, fascia, muscle, fascia, peritoneum
43
staging
classifying by anatomical extent for cancer
44
visualize the upper GI tract using xray
barium swallow
45
one possible complication that can occur when performing an endoscopic inspection of the GI tract
bleeding
46
position for colonoscopy
left side, upper leg flexed
47
partial gastrectomy that joins the upper 50% of the stomach to the duodenum
billroth 1
48
why is a vagotomy done in conjunction with a gastric resection?
decrease hydrochloritic acid in stomach
49
instrument used to spread the muscle to the inner mucosa on a pyloromyotomy
benson pyloric spreader
50
why is a lap nissen fundoplication performed?
gastro esophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia
51
muscular ring located between the stomach and small intestine
pyloric sphincter
52
what structure is dilated with a maloney dilator?
esophagus
53
point at which the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm
esophageal hiatus
54
zenkers diverticulum is located where?
esophagus
55
protrusion of viscera through an abd incision following surgery
evisceration
56
mcburney incision
appendectomy
57
what instrument is used to grasp the appendix during an appendectomy?
babcock
58
ostomy performed on the small bowel
iliostomy
59
ostomy perofmred on the large intestine
colostomy
60
2 bowel clamps
allis, dennis
61
function of an ostomy bridge
support the bowel during creation of a stoma
62
diverticulitis
inflammation or infection in small pouches in the digestive tract
63
what does the CEEA stapler anastomose?
descending colon to rectum
64
main function of the large intestine
reabsorb water and electrolytes
65
cessation of peristalsis
paralytic ilieus
66
what does it mean to mobilize the bowel?
freed from attachments
67
what do you do with instruments that come in contact with the mucosal layer of the colon?
they are considered dirty, so isolate and contain
68
instruments that come in contact with he serosal layer of the colon?
they are fine, the area is "sterile"
69
reason for using moist laps in the abd cavity
to hold back structures
70
bowel technique
used during GI cases to isolate the contaminated instruments and supplies, from the clean
71
location of pilonidal cyst formation?
saccrococcygeal
72
commonly used suture on the GI tract
3-0 silk SH
73
why is a purse string suture placed around the anus during an abd perineal resection?
to prevent spillage of fecal matter
74
measures the amount of iron in the blood
hemoglobin
75
test done to indicate kidney status
urinalysis
76
why is a nasogastic tube placed?
drain the stomach
77
clips for vagus nerve
hemoclips, ligaclips
78
hernia that contents have become trapped but tissue is still viable
incarcerated
79
anesthesia for herniorrhaphy
all could be used
80
how can a gastrostomy be created by?
percutaneous, lap, open
81
function of colon
elimination, absorption
82
where is the pancreas located?
ULQ
83
visual inspection of the esophagus and the cardia of the stomach
esophagoscopy
84
newborn vomitus, free of bile and projectile in nature means?
pyloric stenosis
85
examination of the lower intestine as far as the ceum
colonoscopy
86
flank incision
nephrectomy
87
release abnormal tissue connections in the abd cavity
lysis of adhesions
88
position for gastric resection
supine
89
needed for normal heart contractions
blood potassium
90
what is a vagotomy the surgical treatment option for?
gastric ulcer
91
pantaloon hernia
both direct and indirect inguinal hernia
92
hernia from failure of deep internal ring to close?
indirect
93
sliding hernia
posterior wall of hernia sac is formed by bowel
94
femoral hernia
protrudes in groin area through the femoral canal
95
umbilical hernia
small defect under the umbilicus
96
epigastric hernia
protrusion of fat in abd wall between the xiphoid and the umbilicus
97
ventral hernia
following previous surgery
98
spigelian hernia
occurs between the walls of the abd muscle
99
appose
next to one another
100
carcinoma
cancer that is in skin or line or cover body organs
101
chyle
lymph that is milky from fat
102
chyme
partly digested food expelled by the stomach to the duodenum
103
intussusception
part of the intestine folds into the section next to it
104
mesentery
fan shapes, attaches to back wall of abd
105
neoplasm
abnormal mass of tissue
106
omentum
sheet of fat that is covered by peritoneum
107
parietal
belonging to the wall
108
polyp
abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane
109
ulcer
break in skin with loss of surface tissue
110
when are raytec removed from surgical field?
after peritoneum is entered
111
frozen specimen
never in formalin, normally dry
112
type of saline used in the abd cavity
warm
113
counts
2 unless body cavity entered, then 3
114
what is included in CBC?
rbc, hb, hct, platelets
115
rbc
oxygen carrying capacity of blood
116
hct
amount of rbcs in whole bood
117
wbc
fights infection
118
platelets
affects clotting time
119
ecg/ekg
indicates cardiac status
120
chest xray
indicates pulmonary status
121
malignant hyperthermia
experience hypermetabolic crisis
122
what is MH triggered by?
muscle relaxants- succinylcholine
| inhalation agents- halothane
123
signs and symptoms of MH
cardiac arrhythmias, rising body temp
124
treatment for MH
stop triggering agent, administer dantrolene
125
flash sterilizer
prevacuum steam under pressure
126
autoclave
saturated steam under pressure
127
cidex
high level disinfectant
128
opa
high level disinfectant
129
ethylene oxide
gas used to sterilize heat or moisture sensitive instruments
130
steris
sterilizes for immediate use only
131
sterrad
hydrogen peroxide
132
ingestion
chewing and swallowing
133
digestion
chemical splitting of food particles
134
absorption
passage of food particles through walls of digestive tract
135
elmination
ridding body waste
136
organs of digestive system
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines
137
mouth
ingestion
138
pharynx
ingestion
139
esophagus
ingestion, located behind trachea
140
stomach
digestion/absorption
141
rugae
folds in lining of stomach which allows for expansion as stomach fills
142
cardiac sphincter
between stomach and esophagus
143
small intestines parts
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
144
small intestines
digestion, absorption
145
duodenum
secretes mucous to protect wall from chyme
146
ileocecal valve
junction of cecum and ileum
147
large intestines parts
cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon
148
large intestines
elimination/absorption no digestion
149
nerve supply for large intestines
celiac plexus, vagus nerve
150
what is the large intestines?
colon
151
ascending colon
contains hepatic flexure
152
transverse colon
crosses abd right to left below stomach
153
descending colon
contains plenic flexure
154
rectum
elmination
155
anus
opening to outside of body
156
sympathetic
decreases
157
parasympathetic
increases
158
peritoneum
supports and insulates some organs
159
what peritoeum is entered during surgery?
parietal
160
extends between stomach and liver
lesser omentum
161
liver location/function
RUQ, produces bile
162
glissons capsule
external covering of liver
163
largest organ in abd cavity
liver
164
gallbladder location/function
undersurface of right lobe of liver, stores and concentrates bile
165
ampulla of vater
where the common bile duct enters into the duodenum
166
pancreas location/function
ULQ, produces insulin
167
spleen location/function
ULQ, phagocytosis
168
upper midline
stomach, duodenum, pancreas
169
lower midline
gyn, bladder
170
right upper paramedian
biliary
171
left upper paramedian
splenectomy
172
right lower paramedian
appendectomy
173
left lower paramedian
sigmoid colon resection
174
lower oblique
inguinal herniorrhaphy
175
subcostal
gallbladder
176
thoracoabdominal
nephrectomy, chest tube may be placed
177
chevron
renal tumors
178
pfannenstiel
gyn/pelvic
179
mid abd incision
pancreas
180
rocky davis
appendectomy
181
lymph nodes excision
obtain tissue for biopys
182
I&D
have suction and culturettes ready
183
specimen inguinal hernia
no sac for specimen
184
mcvay or mcvay/lotheissen
transverse abdominus muscle and transversalis fascia are sutured to coopers ligament
185
examination of body organs by means of an endoscope
endoscopy
186
EGD
inspection of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum
187
ERCP
visualization of the biliary tract with injection of dye
188
sigmoidoscopy
inspection of sigmoid colon and rectum
189
excision of esophageal diverticulum
| surgery/why/anatomy/instruments
removal of a weakening of the esophageal wall
| INSTRU: penningtons, adson clamps
190
repair of atresia of the esophagus
congenital anomaly
191
esophagomyotomy
| surgery/why/instruments
myotomy of the esophagogastric junction
WHY: correct esophageal obstruction
INSTRU: chest tray
192
repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
| surgery/why
pediatric congenital defect allowing abd viscera to intrude into the thorax
WHY: repair the diaphragmatic hernia
193
esophageal hiatal hernia repair
| surgery/why/anatomy/instruments
portion of stomach protrudes up into the thoracic cavity WHY: restore cardio-esophageal unction to correct position
INSTRU: thoracotomy, long instruments, maloney dilator
194
lap nissen fundoplication
| surgery/why/anatomy/instruments
wrapping of gastric fundus around esophagus
WHY: treats GERD
INSTRU: laparoscopic
195
transoral incisionless fundoplication
new procedure to treat GERD
196
esophagectomy
| surgery/why/instruments
removal of portions of stomach and esophagus with re establishment between stomach and esophagus
WHY: esophageal cancer
INSTRU: basic lap, long instruments, deep retractors
197
vagotomy
| surgery/why/anatomy/instruments
resection of portions of the vagus nerve
WHY: reduces gastric juices
INSTRU: long, blunt nerve hook, penrose
198
truncal vagotomoy
main truncks of vagus are interrupted
199
selective vagotomy
interrupts primarily the gastric vagal nerves
200
pyloroplasty
englargement of passageway between lower stomach and duodenum
WHY: enhances emptying of stomach
INSTRU: GI set
201
fredet ramstedt pyloromyotomy/instruments
infants with pylor stenosis
| INSTRU: benson pyloric spreader
202
gastrostomy
| surgery/why/anatomy/instruments
establishment of artificial opening into stomach through abd wall to skin
WHY: to drain the stomach or liquid feedings
INSTRU: babcocks
203
peg tube insertion
placement of gastrostomy tube through abd wall into stomach
WHY: insertion of feeding tube
INSTRU: gastroscope, snare forceps
204
gastrojejunostomy/instruments
establishment of a permanent union between proximal jejunum and anterior/posterior wall of the stomach
INSTRU: babcocks
205
is a gastrojejunostomy a resection?
no
206
partial/subtotal gastrectomy
excision of a portion of the stomach
| WHY: peptic ulcer diease
207
billroth II:
removing the distal portion of the stomach and duodenum with reanastomosis to the jejunum
INSTRU: autosuture staplers
208
total gastrectomy
omplete removal of stomach
WHY: stomach cancer
INStRU: same as partial gastro.
209
omphacele
protrusion of abd viscera outside the abd through the umbilical ring
210
gastroschisis
protrusion of viscera through an abd wall defect to the right of the umbilical cord
211
restrictive gastroplasty
changes shape of stomach to make patient feel full faster
212
rouxeny gastric bypass
reroutes the passage of food to small pouch created
213
best choice for sterilzing endoscopes
steris
214
flash sterilization instruements
unwrapped 3 @ 270
wrapped 15 @ 270
metal 10 @ 270
