Test G, H Flashcards
(225 cards)
1
Q
Who is the pre medication ordered by?
A
Surgeon
Anesthesiologist
2
Q
class V
A
limited amounts of narcotic drugs ex: cough syrup with codeine
3
Q
agonist
A
prolongs the response of a drug
4
Q
disadvantage of spinal anesthesia
A
BP drop rapidly
respiratory difficulties
headache
5
Q
What are essential features of the preinduction phase?
A
Pre mad along with caring visit
6
Q
what is the last phase of consciousness?
A
hearing is exaggerated
7
Q
Where is the endotracheal tube placed?
A
Oral or nasal cavity into the trachea
8
Q
agents of inhalation general anesthesia
A
ultane
suprane
forane
9
Q
Muscle relaxation
A
Blocking agents producing muscle relaxation
10
Q
CO2 canister
A
prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide
11
Q
inhalation route of administration med
A
gases or fine mists
12
Q
aminophylline
A
relaxes smooth muscle
13
Q
CPR
A
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
14
Q
When is patient experiencing maximum effect of pre med?
A
At time of induction
15
Q
what is an epidural used for?
A
manage post op pain
decreases amount of anesthetic used
16
Q
antagonist
A
prevents agonist from binding then causing desired effect
17
Q
More relaxed patients with anesthesia
A
Less anesthetic given
18
Q
sodium pentothal-thiopental
A
hypnotic, stored in fate tissue
19
Q
Hypnosis
A
Induce sleep from natural sleep sedation to full unconsciousness
20
Q
class IV
A
low abuse potential ex: ativan
21
Q
IV injection
A
most rapid
most reliable to ill patients
22
Q
LMA
A
used on elective surgeries where patient has been NPO
23
Q
what does MAC do?
A
decrease fear and anxiety but cooperative
asleep but can arouse patient
24
Q
CNS agents
A
codeine
morphine
25
IM premedication
One hour before surgery starts
26
example of antiemetics
ondansetron (zofran)
27
what should not be done with the patient once the premedication is given?
NEVER sign surgical permit
not be left alone
be careful talking around them, may misinterpret
28
antibiotics
kill/inhibit MO's in body
29
synergist
enhances action of another
30
contraindications
drug that may be undesirable in a certain situation
31
what does an anesthesia machine do?
delivers a precisely known mixture of gases
32
When does prep for anesthesia start?
Before the patient enters the OR
33
what is nitrous oxide?
compressed gas
| colorless, fruity smell
34
epinephrine emergency drug
raises BP, increase heart beat
35
trade name for medication
actual company responsible for manufacture of the drug Ex: Bay, Excedrin
36
ways inhalation anesthetics is delivered
anesthesia mask
ET tube
LMA
37
pseudocholinesterase
inability to wear off muscle relaxants after anesthetic is worn off
patient is awake but paralyzed
38
class III
less potential for abuse, current approved
39
class II
high abuse, current approved
40
when are antiemetics given?
when pt has had past history of N/V
41
agents for nerve block
xylocaine-lidocaine
42
examples of IV method drugs
sodium pentothal
| propofol
43
What does a sedative do for a patient?
Help patient go to sleep, but doesn’t put them to sleep
44
what is epinephrine never used on?
tips of body
45
therapectic effects
responses after tx
46
MAC
conscious sedation
47
why is pt NPO?
patient losses normal gag reflex
| aspiration of stomach contents into lungs
48
3 factors for explosion
flammable gas
source of ignition
oxygen
49
steriod hormones
reduce postop swelling
50
lidocaine emergency drug
cardiac arrhythmias
51
Reasons to premedicate a patient
```
Anesthesia reduced
Smoother induction
Reduce anxiety
Increase pain threshold
Amnesic
```
52
where is spinal injected?
between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae
53
antiemetics
prevent postop N/V
54
example of muscle relaxants
anectine-succinylcholine
norcuron-vercuronium
curare-tubocurarine chloride
55
Examples of narcotics
Demerol- meperidine*
Morphine*
Sublimaze- fentanyl
56
what is pharmacology?
study of medicine
57
digitoxin
reduces high BP
58
does the LMA take place of the ET tube?
no
59
what does anticoagulant prevent?
thrombosis
60
muscle relaxants
affect skeletal muscles only, make body flaccid
61
what does the IV method do?
produces rapid general anesthesia
62
Mid 1800’s social events
Ether frolics- nitrous oxide
63
3 times a drug is ID'd
removed from storage
on field
ST passes to surgeon
64
hypnoanesthesia
entranced state where painful stimulation is lost and cooperation is complete
65
concern with local anesthesia
not used on young, nervous, apprehensive patients
66
position for administration of spinal anethesia
on side
| sitting up
67
what happens in danger stage of general anesthesia?
could cause death
68
generic name for medication
proposed by the company that first develops a drug
| Ex: aspirin
69
is the IV method sterile?
yes
70
6 rights
```
Patient
Drug
Dose
Time/frequency
Label
Route
```
71
hearing during anesthesia
last sense to go
be careful what you say
don't say knife, blade
72
measurement for volume
liter
73
why does patient need to be relaxed?
intubate
retract
abd viscera
74
NPO
after midnight
| fasting required
75
indications
reasons to prescribe a certain drug
76
invasive monitoring devices
arterial catherization
CVP
art line
77
what is the disadvantage of epinephrine?
rise in BP
78
What are patient fears of surgery?
Death
Experiencing pain
Remaining awake during general anesthesia
79
Types of premeds?
IV or IM
80
class I
high abuse, no approved use
81
Atropine
Dries up secretions
82
side effects
expected reaction to a medication
83
oxycel
form clot
84
example of a dye?
methylene blue
85
what does a low dose of IV anesthesia produce?
conscious sedation
86
antacid
alters pH of gastric secretions and reduces gastric volume
87
gelfoam
form clot
88
adverse effects
undesirable affect of a med that can lead to organ damage
89
example of diuretic
mannitol
90
PRBC's
left from one unit of whole blood after most of plasma is removed
91
Amnesic medication
Medication causing loss of memory during its time of effect
92
instillation route of administration med
body cavity, eye, ears, nose
93
flowmeter
measures the flow of gas
94
whole blood
provides all clotting factors
95
example of epidural
procaine-novocaine*
96
what is the rule with thrombin?
use immediately after mixing
97
Analgesia
Freedom from pain
98
infiltration local anesthesia
drug injected directly into tissue
99
treatment for shock
oxygen
| volume replacement of blood
100
bier block
anesthesia for distal portion of upper extremity
101
nerve block
injected between operative site and entry of nerve to spinal cord
102
atropine emergency drug
increase heart and respiration rates
103
symptoms of shock
pale
clammy skin
rapid, weak pulse
104
observations regarding postop care of patient
skin remains dry
BP normal
no aspiration of secretions
105
propofol-diprivan
used for outpatient surgeries
106
intrathecal
not administered by nurse!!
| administered into spinal fluid
107
example of contrast media
hypaque, renografin
108
sodum bicarbonate
treats metabolic acidosis
109
criccoid pressure
pressure on criccoid to reduce risk of aspiration
| don't let go until anesthesia says so
110
What is general anesthesia free from?
Infection
Hemorrhage
Pain
111
contrast media
radiopaque dye injected to identify its inner form
112
what does the anesthesia provider do at the end of surgery with oxygen?
100% oxygen to get rid of n20 and other agents
113
Bronchospasm
Spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the smaller divisions of the bronchi
114
what is preoxygenation?
100% of oxygen for 3-5 minutes
115
topical route of administration med
sublingual, buccal, nasal, vaginal, rectal
116
chemical name
actual formulation of its constituents
| Ex: acetylsalicylic acid
117
Demerol
Reduces fear and anxiety
118
Risk factor of anesthesia
There is always risk involved even in the most ideal situation
119
What are examples of anticholinergics?
atropine*
robinul (glycopyrrolate)
scopolamine
120
oxygen fail safe valves
shut off flow of gas in absence of oxygen
121
family history important
if any close relative had unexplained death from anesthesia, you must be alerted about possible MH episode
122
subcutaneous injection
slow absorption
| risk of tissue damage
123
what local anesthetic shouldn't be injected?
cocaine
124
How can you reduce risk factor for anesthesia by reducing length of time?
Work efficiently
Knowledge of procedure
Be ready
125
local anesthesia
patient is awake
126
Endotracheal tube
Flexible tube used to maintain a patients airway
127
What is the purpose of anesthesia?
No discomfort
Normal physiology
Maintain optimal conditions
128
anticoagulant
prolongs blood clotting time
129
Who decides on anesthesia?
Surgeon
Anesthesia provider
Patient
130
dyes
stain skin
131
Examples of sedatives
Valium- diazepam*
Ativan- lorazepam
Versed- midazolam
132
spinal or intrathecal
local injected into subarachnoid space
133
Intubation
Insertion of endotracheal tube into the trachea by means of laryngoscope
134
example of antacids
```
ranitidine (zantac)
citric acid (bacitra)
```
135
phases of general anesthesia
induction
maintenance
emergence
136
advantages of spinal anesthesia
inexpensive
rapid onset
muscle relaxs
137
Analgesics/ narcotics
Produces sleep, depresses CNS relieving pain
138
oxytocics
pitocin, ergotrate, methergine
139
What is balanced anesthesia?
Inhalation
Narcotics
Muscle relaxants
140
protamine sulfate
anticoagulant, binds with heparin to inactivate heparins effect
141
Anesthesia
Absence of essentially all sensation with or without the loss of consciousness
142
Anticholinergic
inhibits secretion of mucous
143
vaporizer
vaporizes liquid anesthetic into gas
144
What is constantly being monitored by anesthesia provider?
```
HR
breathing
Temperature
BP
pH
CO2
```
145
xylocaine emergency drug
treats cardiace arrhythmias
146
PRN
as needed or when required
147
examples of infiltration local anesthesia
lidocaine*
| sensorcaine*
148
emergence phase of anesthesia
patient begins to wake up
149
relaxation stage of general anesthesia
homeostasis maintained
150
topical local anestheisa
applied directly to surface
151
inhalation general anesthesia
anesthesia machine through respiratory system then absorbed by the blood
152
intra-articular injection
within a joint
153
what is the goal of general anesthesia?
```
asleep
pain free
muscles relaxed
airway secured
no memory
```
154
dermal injection
between the layers of the skin
155
neuromuscular blockade antagonism
neostigmine bromide-prostigmine*
156
heparin
needs to be counteracted by protamine sulfate
157
narcotic antagonists
narcan*
158
why is it not possible for an anesthetist to give the same anesthetic agent to every patient?
age/condition of patient
159
oral or enteral route of administration med
most convenient, comfortable, economical
160
What type of surgery did dr Morton and dr long do?
Removed tumor from face of patient
161
induction phase of anesthesia
begins with administration of agent
162
what stage do you want the patient to be in for surgery?
between 2 and 3
163
regional anesthesia
injected in or around particular group of nerves
164
excitement stage of general anesthesia
no eyelid reflux
165
pharmacodynamics
the action of the drug
166
noninvasive monitoring devices
pulse ox
temperature
BIS
sethoscope
167
What two men are known for their work with ether?
Dr. Long and Dr. Morton
168
maintenance phase of anesthesia
incision until near completion of procedure
169
agents for topical local anesthesia
cocaine (spray)
170
what happens with the liquids for inhalation?
they are poured into vaporizer then converted into gas
171
diuretics
draws fluid away from tissue and released into urinary system
172
intramuscular injection
active muscle+faster absorption
173
how does the ET tube protect the airway?
no aspiration or regurgitation
174
what is the reaction with an epidural?
agent is slowly absorbed into CSF through the dura mater
175
narrow spectrum antibiotics
for a few types of pathogens
176
examples of antibiotics
penicillin, erythromycins
177
drug used to treat malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
178
epidural or peridural
injected into spinal column outside dura
179
broad spectrum antibiotic
long range of MO's
180
additive
alters some aspects of the agent
181
what does local anesthesia go by?
body weight
182
example of spinal anesthesia
procaine-novocaine*
183
what is a patient feeling once premedicated?
still aware of surroundings but senses are not as sharp as normal
184
pharmacokinetics
movement of drugs within the body
185
where is the ET tube placed?
trachea to ensure an open airway
| can go in nose if necessary
186
characteristics of general anesthesia
affects entire body
blood stream
loss of consciousness
blocks pain
187
Airway
A device used to prevent or correct obstructed respiratory passage
188
What is the most dangerous component of any surgical invention?
Anesthesia, because it’s a state close to death
189
methods of general anesthesia
inhalation
IV
rectal
190
benefits of local anesthesia
simple to use
post op care lessened
ideal for short operations
191
Extubation
Removal of endotracheal tube
192
IV premedications
Given in the holding area
| Versed
193
plasma
fluid fraction of blood containing all clotting factors
194
measurement for length
meter
195
intravenous method
administered directly into blood stream by way of IV
196
what do you do for a child putting on the anesthesia mask?
flavor mask
197
Rx
take thou
198
what does cry do with anesthesia?
speeds action of anesthetic
199
Factors influencing anesthesia
Patient wishes
State of health
Mental status
Patient position
200
measurement for weight or mass
gram
201
what does epinephrine do?
lowers bleeding
| increases duration of numbing effect
202
uses for topical local anesthesia
bronch
| laryngoscopy
203
saying for converting
king, hector, did, drink, chocolate, milk
204
Sedative
Agent which exerts a soothing or tranquilizing effect
205
intra-cardiac injection
within the heart
206
What is the 11th principle?
The edge of any container that holds sterile supplies is not sterile
207
What is the 12th principle?
Contact with sterile goods is kept to a minimum
208
What is the fourteenth principle?
Some operative areas cannot be sterile. Steps are taken to keep contamination to a minimum
209
What is the sixteenth principe?
Sterile areas are continuously kept in view
210
What is an example of the 11th principle?
The ST would lift the instrument straight up and out of the package being careful not to let the item touch the edges because the edges of packages are not sterile
211
What is an example of the 12th principle?
The ST will pick and place an item where it belongs because excessive handling increases the chance of contamination
212
What is an example of the 14th principle?
The ST will put on a hat, mask, scrub suit perform the surgical scrub to eliminate as many MO’s as possible because the skin cannot be sterilized only surgically clean
213
What is an example of the 16th principle?
Once a sterile field is created the ST or CN would stay in the room because if the room is unattended an unidentified contamination may occur
214
Volatile
Liquid that evaporated at room temperature
215
What doesn’t LMA stop?
Aspiration
216
Profofol
More alkaline than blood
217
Ketamine
For children
218
BIS
Brain waves
219
50/50
Rapid onset, extends time
220
Overdose of bier block
Ringing in the ears
221
Adrenalin
Epinephrine
222
1 liter
Quart
223
500 cc
Pint
224
Eye irrigation
Balanced salt solution
225
Ad lib
As freely as desired
