When did the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars occur
1572
What was a result of the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars
They were forced to land in Brielle and their occupation caused a full scale-revolt against the rule of Spain
What occurred in 1576 following the Expuslion of the Sea Beggars
Every province in the Netherlands protested against Spanish rule
What was the Pacification of Ghent
It called for the expulsion of all foreign troops and the restoration of the provinces autonomy (1576)
Why was the quarrelling in the Netherlands bad for Elizabeth
Because two divisons evolved
- The Union of Utrecht (Protestant)
- The Union of Arras (Catholic)
What did Spain do regarding the Union of Arras
Formed an alliance with then, creating the basis by which the Governor-General, Duke of Parma, could begin his conquest over the Union of Utrecht
Why was Spanish power increased in 1580
Spain annexed Portugal
Why was Spain’s power over Portugal a problem
Because Portugal had a massive high seas fleet and major ports that Spain became in possession of
How did Elizabeth adopt a more anti-Spanish attitude
- Supporting the Portugese pretender, Don Antonio
- Knighting Sir Francis Drake upon his circumnavigation of the globe, infuriating the Spanish
- Mistreatment of the Spanish ambassador
Why was Elizabeth’s support of Don Antonio limited in scope
Because while he was a member of the Royal Family, he was illegitimate
What occurred in the 1580s that wasn’t favourable for Elizabeth
Parma’s conquest of the North gained momentum and only Holland remained Protestant
William of Orange (Rebel leader) was assassinated in 1584
What was the Treaty of Joinville in 1584
An agreement between Spain and the Catholic League in France.
Why was the Treaty of Joinville a problem
Because the Catholic League was led by the Guise faction, with the Guises as his allies, Phillip II no longer had a political motive to prevent him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots.
How did Elizabeth counteract the Treaty of Joinville
Elizabeth made an alliance with the Dutch Rebels in the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
What were the terms of the Treaty of Nonsuch
Elizabeth sent the Earl of Leicester to the Netherlands under the command of an army
When was the Treaty of Joinville
1584
When was the Treaty of Nonsuch
1585
Why was the Treaty of Nonsuch a failure
- The troops were badly and irregularly paid and severely ill-disciplined as a result
- The English commanders quarrelled among themselves
- Leicester killed a member of the Dutch nobility and this lost his support among the Politiques
What did the Earl of Leicester accept when in the Netherlands
Governor-General of the Netherlands
When did Leicester return to England
1588
What was Phillip convinced he was doing regarding the Spanish Armada
Carrying out a Catholic crusade and Gods work
Why was the Spanish armada delayed
Because of a successful English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz in 1587
What was the objective of the Spanish armada
To reach the port of Gravelines in the Spanish Netherlands, where the Spanish army would board ships so an invasion of England could be launched
Why did the Armada fail
Because it was forced back to Spain by unfavourable winds
