Elizabeth I: Foreign policy - Spain 1570-1588 Flashcards Preview

AQA history A level - Tudor > Elizabeth I: Foreign policy - Spain 1570-1588 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Elizabeth I: Foreign policy - Spain 1570-1588 Deck (24)
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1
Q

When did the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars occur

A

1572

2
Q

What was a result of the Expulsion of the Sea Beggars

A

They were forced to land in Brielle and their occupation caused a full scale-revolt against the rule of Spain

3
Q

What occurred in 1576 following the Expuslion of the Sea Beggars

A

Every province in the Netherlands protested against Spanish rule

4
Q

What was the Pacification of Ghent

A

It called for the expulsion of all foreign troops and the restoration of the provinces autonomy (1576)

5
Q

Why was the quarrelling in the Netherlands bad for Elizabeth

A

Because two divisons evolved

  1. The Union of Utrecht (Protestant)
  2. The Union of Arras (Catholic)
6
Q

What did Spain do regarding the Union of Arras

A

Formed an alliance with then, creating the basis by which the Governor-General, Duke of Parma, could begin his conquest over the Union of Utrecht

7
Q

Why was Spanish power increased in 1580

A

Spain annexed Portugal

8
Q

Why was Spain’s power over Portugal a problem

A

Because Portugal had a massive high seas fleet and major ports that Spain became in possession of

9
Q

How did Elizabeth adopt a more anti-Spanish attitude

A
  1. Supporting the Portugese pretender, Don Antonio
  2. Knighting Sir Francis Drake upon his circumnavigation of the globe, infuriating the Spanish
  3. Mistreatment of the Spanish ambassador
10
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s support of Don Antonio limited in scope

A

Because while he was a member of the Royal Family, he was illegitimate

11
Q

What occurred in the 1580s that wasn’t favourable for Elizabeth

A

Parma’s conquest of the North gained momentum and only Holland remained Protestant

William of Orange (Rebel leader) was assassinated in 1584

12
Q

What was the Treaty of Joinville in 1584

A

An agreement between Spain and the Catholic League in France.

13
Q

Why was the Treaty of Joinville a problem

A

Because the Catholic League was led by the Guise faction, with the Guises as his allies, Phillip II no longer had a political motive to prevent him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots.

14
Q

How did Elizabeth counteract the Treaty of Joinville

A

Elizabeth made an alliance with the Dutch Rebels in the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585

15
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Nonsuch

A

Elizabeth sent the Earl of Leicester to the Netherlands under the command of an army

16
Q

When was the Treaty of Joinville

A

1584

17
Q

When was the Treaty of Nonsuch

A

1585

18
Q

Why was the Treaty of Nonsuch a failure

A
  1. The troops were badly and irregularly paid and severely ill-disciplined as a result
  2. The English commanders quarrelled among themselves
  3. Leicester killed a member of the Dutch nobility and this lost his support among the Politiques
19
Q

What did the Earl of Leicester accept when in the Netherlands

A

Governor-General of the Netherlands

20
Q

When did Leicester return to England

A

1588

21
Q

What was Phillip convinced he was doing regarding the Spanish Armada

A

Carrying out a Catholic crusade and Gods work

22
Q

Why was the Spanish armada delayed

A

Because of a successful English attack on Spanish ships at Cadiz in 1587

23
Q

What was the objective of the Spanish armada

A

To reach the port of Gravelines in the Spanish Netherlands, where the Spanish army would board ships so an invasion of England could be launched

24
Q

Why did the Armada fail

A

Because it was forced back to Spain by unfavourable winds

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