Endocrine part 2 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Found at the base of the throat and Consists of two lobes and a
connecting isthmus
A
Thyroid Gland
2
Q
Thyroid Gland Produces two hormones
A
Thyroid hormone
Calcitonin
3
Q
Major metabolic hormone and Composed of two active
iodine-containing hormones
A
Thyroid hormone
4
Q
two active iodine-containing hormones of the thyroid gland
A
Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
5
Q
It is secreted by thyroid follicles
A
Thyroxine
6
Q
USe as the conversion of T4 at
target tissues
A
Triiodothyronine
7
Q
Thyroxine is also known as
A
T4
8
Q
Triiodothyronine is also knwon as
A
T3
9
Q
A Thyroid hormone disorder that the Thyroid gland enlarges due
to lack of iodine
A
Goiters
10
Q
To prevent goiters, _____ is iodized
A
salt
11
Q
It is Caused by hyposecretion of
thyroxine. IT Results in dwarfism during childhood
A
Cretinism
12
Q
Caused by hypothyroidism in
adults which Results in physical and
mental slugishness
A
Myxedema
13
Q
Caused by hyperthyroidism which Results in increased metabolism, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and exophthalmos
A
Graves’ disease
14
Q
Decreases blood calcium levels
by causing its deposition on
bone
A
Calcitonin
15
Q
Calcitonin is Antagonistic to
A
parathyroid hormone
16
Q
Calcitonin is Produced by
A
parafollicular cells
17
Q
Parafollicular cells are found
between the
A
follicles
18
Q
Tiny masses on the posterior of the
thyroid that Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A
Parathyroid Glands
19
Q
Stimulate osteoclasts to remove
calcium from bone, Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium and Raise calcium levels in the blood
A
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
20
Q
degrade bone matrix and release
Ca2+ into blood
A
Osteoclasts
21
Q
stimulates calcium salt
deposit in bone
A
Calcitonin
22
Q
Sit on top of the kidneys
A
Adrenal Glands
23
Q
Two regions of Adrenal Glands
A
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
24
Q
outer glandular region that has three layers
A
Adrenal cortex
25
three layers of the Adrenal cortex
Mineralocorticoids secreting
area
Glucocorticoids secreting
area
Sex hormones secreting
area
26
inner neural tissue region in the adrenal glands
Adrenal medulla
27
A type of corticosteroids that is mainly aldosterone. It Produced in outer adrenal cortex, Regulate mineral content in blood and Regulate water and electrolyte balance
Mineralocorticoids
28
Mineralocorticoids is mainly
aldosterone
29
Target organ of Mineralocorticoids is
kidney
30
It helps in the Production stimulated by renin and aldosterone and Production inhibited by atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Mineralocorticoids
31
Glucocorticoids includes
cortisone and cortisol
32
It is Produced in the middle layer of
the adrenal cortex. It Promote normal cell metabolism and Help resist long-term stressors
Glucocorticoids
33
Glucocorticoids Released in response to ____________ blood levels of ACTH
increased
34
epinephrine and norepinephrine are also known as
Catecholamines
35
It is Produced in the inner layer of the adrenal cortex and Small amounts are made throughout life
Sex hormones
36
Sex hormones in the inner layer produces mostly _________ but it also forms estrogens
androgens
37
Results from hyposecretion of all adrenal cortex hormones
Addison’s disease
38
It causes Bronze skin tone, muscles
are weak, burnout, susceptibility to infection
Addison’s disease
39
May result from an ACTH-releasing tumor which could cause Excess water and sodium are retained leading to high blood pressure and edema
Hyperaldosteronism
40
Results from a tumor in the
middle cortical area of the
adrenal cortex
Cushing’s syndrome
41
Cushing’s syndrome is also known as
“Moon face,” “buffalo hump” on the upper back,
42
This Adrenal cortex disorders causes high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, weakening of bones, depression
Cushing’s syndrome
43
Results from hypersecretion
of sex hormones. it causes Beard and male distribution of hair growth
Masculinization
44
Adrenal Medulla Produces two similar hormones
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
45
Epinephrine is also known as
adrenaline
46
Norepinephrine is also known as
noradrenaline
47
Norepinephrine is also known as
noradrenaline
48
The Adrenal Medulla hormones prepare the body to deal with short-term stress or the
(“fight or flight”)
49
fight or flight” causes the following
Increasing heart rate
blood pressure
blood glucose levels
Dilating small passageways of
lungs
50
a mixed gland and has both endocrine and exocrine
functions
pancreas
51
The pancreatic islets produce 2
hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
52
this hormone allows glucose to
enter the blood from alpha cells
Glucagon
53
allows glucose to cross plasma membranes into cells from beta cells
Insulin
54
Insulin allows glucose to cross
plasma membranes into cells
from
beta cells
55
Glucagon allows glucose to enter the blood from
alpha cells
56
These hormones are antagonists
that maintain
blood sugar homeostasis
57
Liver takes up glucose and stores
it as
glycogen
58
Found on the third ventricle of the
brain that Secretes melatonin
Pineal Gland
59
Helps establish the body’s wake
and sleep cycles and is Believed to coordinate the hormones of fertility in humans
melatonin
60
Located posterior to the sternum that Produces thymosin
Thymus Gland
61
Thymus Gland is largest in
infants and children
62
Matures some types of white
blood cells and is Important in developing the immune system
Thymus Gland
63
2 Gonads are
Ovaries
Testes
64
It Produce eggs and Produce two groups of steroid hormone
Ovaries
65
Ovaries Produce two groups of steroid hormones which are
Estrogens
Progesterone
66
This organ Produce sperm and Produce androgens, such as
testosterone
Testes
67
Examples of androgens is
testosterone
68
Stimulate the development of
secondary female characteristics
and Mature female reproductive
organs
Estrogens
69
With _________________, estrogens also Promote breast development
and Regulate menstrual cycle
progesterone
70
Acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle, Helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus, Helps prepare breasts for lactation
Progesterone
71
the most important androgen and is Responsible for adult male secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
72
Promotes growth and maturation
of male reproductive system and is Required for sperm cell production
Testosterone
73
The Endocrine Function of the _________, it Produces hormones that maintain the pregnancy and Some hormones play a part in the delivery of the baby
Placenta
74
Placenta in addition to estrogen, progesterone, and other
hormones
Produces human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG)
75
brought about by lack of efficiency of the ovaries
Menopause
76
Problems associated with
reduced ___________ are common
estrogen
77
_______ _________ production declines with age
Growth hormone
78
Hormones that are produced from other organs than the major organs
Prostaglandins
Gastrin
Intestinal Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Erythropoietin
Active vitamin D3
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ANP
Leptin
Resistin
79
It's one of the hormones from other organs that their chemical composition is derived from fatty acid molecules
Prostaglandins
80
The source for Prostaglandins are from the
Plasma Membrane of all body cells
81
Prostaglandins can increase BP by acting as a
vasoconstrictors
82
This hormone can cause constriction of respiratory passageways, stimulate muscle in the uterus, promoting labor, enhance blood clotting
Prostaglandins
83
This hormone promotes inflammation and pain, causes fever and increase output of digestive secretions by the stomach
Prostaglandins
84
This peptide hormone is secreted by the stomach wherein it stimulate glands to release HCl in the stomach
Gastrin
85
A peptide hormone that is secreted by the duodenum of small intestine and it inhibits hydrochloric acid secretion and gastrointestinal tract mobility
Intestinal gastrin
86
Another peptide hormone which is secreted by the duodenum. It's target organs are the pancreas liver and stomach
secretin
87
One of secret in stargate organs is the pancreas. its purpose is to stimulate _____________ release of juice
Bicarbonate-rich
88
The stimulus for secretion of intestinal gastrin is food specifically
fats
89
Secretin increases release of _____ in the liver
bile
90
When secretin target organ is the stomach it reduces
Secretions
91
This glycoprotein hormone, which is secreted by the kidney, stimulates production of red blood cells in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin
92
Erythropoietin chemical composition is a ___________ hormone
Glycoprotein
93
erythropoietin stimulus for secretion is
Hypoxia
94
A steroid hormone, which is secreted by the kidneys, stimulates active transport of dietary calcium across intestinal cell membranes in the intestine
Active vitamin d3
95
Active vitamin d3 is secreted by the kidneys which activates _________ __ made by the epidermal cells
Provitamin D
96
A a peptide hormone, which is secreted by the heart, inhibits sodium ion reabsorption and renin release in the kidneys and inhibits secretion of aldosterone thereby decreasing blood volume and blood pressure in the adrenal cortex
Atrial natriuretic peptide anp
97
A peptide hormone which comes from the adipose tissue and it suppresses appetite and increased energy expenditure in the brain
Leptin
98
Leptin stimulus for secretion is
Fatty foods
99
This peptide hormone is also from the adipose tissue which antagonizes insulin action on diverse cells in the fat, muscle and liver
Resistin
100
A peptide hormone which is from the duodenum it stimulates release of enzyme which juices from the pancreas and it also stimulate explosion of stored bile in the gallbladder
Cholecystokinin CCK
101
One of CHOLECYSTOKININ'S (CCK) target organs is __________ ________ which causes sphincter to relax allowing bile and pancreatic juice to enter duodenum
Duodenal papilla
