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Anatomy Lec > Cardiovascular system Part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Part 2 Flashcards

(112 cards)

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1
Q

Amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in one minute

A

Cardiac output (CO)

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2
Q

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction (each heartbeat)

A

Stroke volume (SV)

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3
Q

Stroke volume (SV) Usually remains relatively

A

constant

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4
Q

Stroke volume (SV) About ___ mL of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat

A

70

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5
Q

Heart rate (HR) Typically ___ beats per minute

A

75

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6
Q

the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

A

Starling’s law of the heart

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7
Q

the most common way to change cardiac output

A

Changing heart rate

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8
Q

The usual Cardiac output is

A

5250 mL/min

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9
Q

The formula to get Cardiac Output

A

CO = HR × SV

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10
Q

Increased heart rate could be caused by

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Hormones
Exercise
Decreased blood volume

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11
Q

Increased heart rate that’s caused by the Sympathetic nervous system could start due to

A

Crisis
Low blood pressure

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12
Q

Increased heart rate is also caused by Hormones, specifically

A

Epinephrine
Thyroxine

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13
Q

Decreased heart rate are caused by

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
High blood pressure or blood volume
Decreased venous return

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14
Q

Transport blood to the tissues and back

A

Blood Vessels

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15
Q

Blood Vessels is specifically are the organs of this system

A

Vascular System

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16
Q

his Blood vessels Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries
Arterioles

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17
Q

This Blood vessels Exchanges between tissues and blood

A

Capillary beds

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18
Q

This blood vessels Return blood toward the heart

A

Venules
Veins

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19
Q

Blood vessels have three layers of tissues which are called

A

Tunics

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20
Q

The inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body. It is made with Endothelium

A

Tunic intima

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21
Q

The middle layer contains elastic fibers that keep your blood flowing in one direction. IT is also the thickest layer

A

Tunic media

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22
Q

Tunic media is a _____ muscle which is controlled by this type of nervous system

A

Smooth muscle, Sympathetic NS

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23
Q

the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel

A

Tunic externa

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24
Q

Tunic externa is also known as

A

tunica adventitia

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25
Composed entirely of connective fibers and surrounded by an external elastic lamina which functions to anchor vessels with surrounding tissues
Tunic externa
26
Walls of these Blood vessels are the thickest
arteries
27
Lumens of these Blood vessels are larger
veins
28
Larger veins have ________ to prevent backflow
valves
29
This muscle “milks” blood in veins toward the heart
Skeletal muscle
30
Walls of these blood vessels are only one cell layer thick to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue
Capillaries
31
Most arterial blood is pumped by the
heart
32
use the milking action of muscles to help move blood
Veins
33
Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels which are
Vascular shunt True capillaries
34
vessel directly connecting an arteriole to a venule
Vascular shunt
35
The exchange vessels. This is where Oxygen and nutrients cross to cells Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into blood
True capillaries
36
Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products cross into
BLood
37
Oxygen and nutrients cross to
Cells
38
When the sphincters open or closed, this capillary bed vessel is always open
Vascular Shunt
39
Largest artery in the body which Leaves from the left ventricle of the heart
Aorta
40
The region of the aorta that leaves the left ventricle
Ascending aorta
41
This region of the aorta arches to the left
Aortic arch
42
This region of the aorta travels downward through the thorax
Thoracic aorta
43
This region of the aorta passes through the diaphragm into the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal aorta
44
These are the branches of the ascending aorta
Arterial Branches
45
Right and left coronary arteries serve the
heart
46
Crisis stressors stimulates the action from this system
Sympathetic NS activity
47
When crisis has passed, this stimulates this nervous system
Parasympathetic NS
48
The Parasympathetic NS controls the resting action via
Vagus nerve
49
These hormones Increased Contractile force for cardiac muscle
Epinephrine Thyroxine
50
Hormones and activity of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS could simulate the
Heart Rate HR (Beats/Min)
51
This term refers to decreased Blood volume
Hemorrhage
52
When hemorrhage occurs, it ________ venous return which also cause this effect on the Stroke volume
Decrease
53
when HBP or HBV happens, it decreases the action of this System
Sympathetic NS
54
The Sympathetic NS causes increased _________ ______ of cardiac muscle
Contractile force
55
When we exercise , it causes the activation of these muscles and "pumps" of this system
Skeletal muscles, Respiratory pumps
56
Activation of the skeletal muscles and Respiratory pump causes the Venous return to
Increase
57
Increased contractile force of cardiac muscles and the increase and decrease of venous return affects the
Stroke volume (mL/beat)
58
Heart rate times the stroke volume equals to the
Cardiac Output
59
The only 2 arteries that carries deoxygenated blood are the
Pulmonary artery Umbilical Artery
60
The only 2 veins that carries oxygenated blood are
Pulmonary veins Umbilical veins
61
Tunica media is thicker in these blood vessels
Artery
62
This is the blood vessels that has a valve
Vein
63
Veins have a wider _______ due to them carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart
Lumen
64
Fetus receives exchanges of gases, nutrients, and wastes through the
placenta
65
Umbilical cord contains three vessels which are
Umbilical veins Umbilical arteries (2)
66
carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
Umbilical veins
67
carry carbon dioxide and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta
Umbilical arteries
68
carry carbon dioxide and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta
Umbilical arteries
69
In fetal circulation, Blood flow bypasses the liver through this duct then and enters the inferior vena cava
ductus venosus
70
Blood flow bypasses the lungs , then in entering right atrium is shunted directly into the left atrium through the
foramen ovale
71
It connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk (becomes ligamentum arteriosum at birth)
Ductus arteriosus
72
Ductus arteriosus becomes ____________ __________ at birth
ligamentum arteriosum
73
Pressure wave of blood
Pulse
74
Pulse is monitored at _________ ______ in arteries where is is easily palpated
pressure points
75
Pulse averages _____-____ beats per minute at rest
70–76
76
This is the most common place where one can check a person's pulse
Radial artery
77
If one doesn't have a radial artery, they'll check the pulse in the
Common Carotid artery
78
The Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries
Blood Pressure
79
pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
Systolic
80
pressure when ventricles relax
Diastolic
81
Pressure in blood vessels decreases as distance from the heart
increases
82
In writing blood pressure, you first write the _______ pressure then the _________ pressure
Systolic, Diastolic
83
the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute
CO
84
the amount of friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels
peripheral resistance
85
To increase peripheral resistance, Blood vessels are ___________ & ____________ BV
Narrowing, Increased
86
Formula to get Blood pressure
BP = CO × PR
87
BP is
blood pressure
88
BP is affected by
age weight time of day exercise body position emotional state
89
Blood Pressure is affected by Factors which are
Neural factors Renal factors Temperature Chemicals Diet
90
Neural factors is caused by
Autonomic nervous system adjustments
91
Neural factors is caused by Autonomic nervous system adjustments, specifically
sympathetic division
92
Renal factors is caused by
Regulation by altering blood volume Renin
93
Renal factors are regulated by altering
blood volume
94
Blood pressure has a hormone that is used as hormonal control which is
Renin
95
has a vasodilating effect
Heat
96
has a vasoconstricting effect
Cold
97
Various substances can cause increases or decreases
Chemicals
98
Normal systolic is
140–110 mm Hg
99
Normal diastolic is
80–75 mm
100
Often associated with illness
Hypotension
101
Low systolic
Hypotension
102
Low systolic is below
110 mm HG
103
High systolic
Hypertension
104
Can be dangerous if it is chronic
Hypertension
105
High systolic is above
140 mm HG
106
Substances exchanged due to concentration gradients
Capillary Exchange
107
In Capillary Exchange, these constituents leave the blood
Oxygen and nutrients
108
In Capillary Exchange, these constituents leave the cells
Carbon dioxide and other wastes
109
Some capillaries have gaps
intercellular clefts
110
Plasma membrane not joined by tight junctions
intercellular clefts
111
Fenestrations are also known as
pores
112
Ideal BP range is from ________ to ________
100/90 - 110/70

Anatomy Lec (18 decks)

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