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Anatomy Lec > Muscular system Part 1 > Flashcards

Muscular system Part 1 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

responsible for all types of body movement

A

Muscles

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2
Q

Three basic muscle types are found in the body

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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3
Q

muscle cell =

A

muscle fiber

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4
Q

Contraction of muscles is due to the

A

movement of microfilaments

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5
Q

Prefix myo refers to

A

muscle

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6
Q

Prefix mys refers to

A

muscle

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7
Q

Prefix sarco refers to

A

flesh

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8
Q

Most skeletal muscles are attached by ________ to bones

A

tendons

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9
Q

The Skeletal Muscle cells are

A

multinucleate

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10
Q

They have visible banding

A

Striated

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11
Q

Subject to conscious control

A

Voluntary

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12
Q

The skeletal Muscle Cells are surrounded and bundled by

A

connective tissue

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13
Q

A Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle around single muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

A Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers

A

Perimysium

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15
Q

A Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle that covers the entire skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium

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16
Q

A Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle on the outside of the epimysium

A

Fascia

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17
Q

Sites of muscle attachment

A

Bones
Cartilages
Connective tissue coverings

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18
Q

____________ blends into a connective tissue attachment

A

Epimysium

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19
Q

A cord-like structure of connective tissue attachment

A

Tendon

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20
Q

A sheet-like structure of connective tissue attachment

A

Aponeuroses

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21
Q

no conscious control

A

Involuntary

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22
Q

-Has no striations
-Spindle-shaped cells
-Single nucleus
-Involuntary
-Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

A

Smooth Muscles

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23
Q

-Has striations
-Usually has a single nucleus
-Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc
-Involuntary
-Found only in the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

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24
Q

They Produce movement, Maintain posture, Stabilize joints, & Generate heat

A

Muscles

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25
The muscle cells are
multinucleate
26
Nuclei are just beneath the __________
sarcolemma
27
They are specialized plasma membrane
Sarcolemma
28
They are specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
29
They are Bundles of myofilaments that are aligned to give distrinct bands
Myofibril
30
light band
I band
31
dark band
A band
32
Contractile unit of a muscle fiber
Sarcomere
33
Organization of the sarcomere
myosin (thick) filaments & actin (thin) filaments
34
Thick filaments
myosin filaments
35
These filaments are Composed of the protein myosin and has ATPase enzymes
myosin filaments
36
These filaments are composed of the protein actin
actin filaments
37
These filaments have heads (extensions, or cross bridges)
Myosin filaments
38
It is for storage of calcium in muscles
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
39
When muscles at rest, there is a ____ ____ that lacks actin filaments
bare zone
40
ability to receive and respond to a stimulus
Irritability
41
ability to shorten when an adequate stimulus is received
Contractility
42
ability of the muscle cells to be stretched
Extensibility
43
ability to recoil and resume their resting length
Elasticity
44
Skeletal muscles must be stimulated by a _____ to contract
nerve
45
Composed of One neuron and Muscle cells stimulated by that neuron
Motor unit
46
association site of nerve and muscle
Neuromuscular junctions
47
The gap between nerve and muscle
Synaptic cleft
48
Nerve and muscle do not make contact and the Area between nerve and muscle is filled with interstitial fluid
Synaptic cleft
49
A chemical released by nerve upon arrival of nerve impulse
Neurotransmitter
50
The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle is
acetylcholine
51
Neurotransmitter attaches to receptors on the
sarcolemma
52
Sarcolemma becomes permeable to
sodium (Na+)
53
______ rushing into the cell generates an action potential. Once started, muscle contraction cannot be stopped
Sodium
54
Activation by nerve causes _____ _______ (crossbridges) to attach to binding sites on the thin filament
myosin heads
55
then bind to the next site of the thin filament
Myosin heads
56
This continued action causes a sliding of the ______ along the ______
myosin , actin
57
The result is that the muscle is
shortened (contracted)
58
Muscle fiber contraction is
“all or none”
59
Within a _________ _________, not all fibers may be stimulated during the same interval
skeletal muscle
60
Different combinations of _______ ______ contractions may give differing responses
muscle fiber
61
different degrees of skeletal muscle shortening
Graded responses
62
A type of response where it is Single, brief contraction. It is not a normal muscle function
Twitch
63
A type of response where One contraction is immediately followed by another. The muscle does not completely return to a resting state.The effects are added. It is the summing of contractions.
Tetanus
64
A type of response where it is some relaxation occurs between contractions. The results are summed
Unfused (incomplete) tetanus
65
A type of response where there is No evidence of relaxation before the following contractions. The result is a sustained muscle contraction.
Fused (complete) tetanus
66
______ _____ depends upon the number of fibers stimulated
Muscle force
67
More fibers contracting results in greater
Muscle tension
68
Muscles can continue to contract unless they run out of _______
energy
69
Initially, muscles used stored ___ for energy
ATP
70
Bonds of ATP are broken to release energy, Only _____ ________ worth of ATP is stored by muscles
4-6 seconds
71
The Muscle cells contain creatine phosphate (CP). After ATP is depleted, ADP is left. CP transfers energy to ADP, to regenerate ATP CP supplies are exhausted in about 20 seconds
Direct phosphorylation
72
a high-energy molecule
creatine phosphate (CP)
73
Series of metabolic pathways that occur in the mitochondria. Glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.
Aerobic Respiration
74
This is a slower reaction that requires continuous oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
75
Reaction that breaks down glucose without oxygen. Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid to produce some ATP
Anaerobic glycolysis
76
IT is where Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid
Anaerobic glycolysis
77
This reaction is not as efficient, but is fast. The Huge amounts of glucose are needed and Lactic acid produces muscle fatigue
Anaerobic glycolysis (continued)
78
The common reason for muscle fatigue is
oxygen debt
79
When a muscle is fatigued, it is unable to
contract
80
Oxygen must be “repaid” to tissue to remove oxygen debt. Oxygen is required to get rid of accumulated ______ _____
lactic acid
81
Increasing acidity (from lactic acid) and lack of ATP causes the muscle to ______ ____
contract less
82
Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions. The muscle shortens
Isotonic contractions
83
Tension in the muscles increases The muscle is unable to shorten
Isometric contractions
84
The process of stimulating various fibers is under
involuntary control
85
Different fibers contract at different times to provide
muscle tone
86
Some fibers are contracted even in a
relaxed muscle
87
Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an __________ ____
attached bone
88
Muscles are attached to at least two points
Origin & Insertion
89
attachment to a moveable bone
Origin
90
attachment to an immovable bone
Insertion
91
resistance or isometric exercises
Increase in muscle size
92
aerobic or endurance type of exercise
Increase in muscle strength
93
-Increase in muscle efficiency -Muscle becomes more fatigue resistant -Increase in muscle size -Increase in muscle strength
Effects of Exercise on Muscle

Anatomy Lec (18 decks)

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