Medical Disorders in Pregnancy Flashcards
(33 cards)
When does vomiting in pregnancy typically begin?
Around the 6th week of pregnancy.
What hormones are implicated in the pathophysiology of vomiting in pregnancy?
Elevated progesterone and β-hCG levels.
What percentage of pregnant women experience vomiting throughout pregnancy?
5% continue till delivery; 15–20% continue till the 3rd trimester.
What is the main treatment approach for mild vomiting in pregnancy?
Dietary modification and anti-emetics like Metoclopramide or Promethazine.
Define Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
Excessive vomiting in pregnancy with >5% weight loss, dehydration, biochemical changes.
List two complications of Hyperemesis Gravidarum.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), Low birth weight (LBW).
What fluid should be avoided in managing Hyperemesis Gravidarum and why?
Dextrose-containing fluids; may precipitate Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
What are differential diagnoses for Hyperemesis Gravidarum?
Malaria, UTI, enteric fever, peptic ulcer.
How common is jaundice in pregnancy?
1 in 2000 pregnancies.
What is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy?
Viral hepatitis.
What characterises intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
Third trimester onset, pruritus, no gallstones, elevated bilirubin & ALP, resolves postpartum.
When does intrahepatic cholestasis usually resolve?
After delivery; jaundice may persist for up to 6 weeks postpartum.
What is another name for acute hepatic failure in pregnancy?
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
At what gestational age does acute fatty liver of pregnancy usually present?
Around 35 weeks of gestation.
What are key lab findings in acute hepatic failure?
Neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, deranged LFTs, prolonged PT/PTTK.
What is the treatment of choice for acute hepatic failure in pregnancy?
Early delivery.
What virus causes Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A virus.
What is the transmission route of Hepatitis A?
Faecal-oral transmission (contaminated food/water).
Is there a carrier state in Hepatitis A?
No.
How is Hepatitis A managed in pregnancy?
Symptomatic treatment.
What is the prevalence of HBV in pregnant women at LUTH?
About 7.3%.
What marker indicates the earliest HBV infection?
HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen).
What increases the risk of vertical transmission of HBV?
Co-positivity for HBsAg and HBeAg; high HBV DNA levels.
What effect does HBV have on pregnancy outcomes?
Prematurity, LBW, gestational diabetes, antepartum haemorrhage.
