Violence Against Women Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is the UN definition of violence against women?
Any act of gender-based violence likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty in public or private life.
List examples of violence against women.
Domestic assault, emotional violence, sexual assault, rape, sexual harassment, and various forms of discrimination.
What are some Nigeria-specific examples of violence against women?
Denigration of widows, child marriage, preference for male children, female genital mutilation, trafficking, comfort women, female infanticide, disinheritance, child labour, and lack of education.
How is rape defined legally in the USA and Southern Nigeria?
Unlawful carnal knowledge without consent or with consent obtained through force, threats, impersonation or fraud.
What is the definition of rape under the 2015 Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act?
Intentional penetration of the vagina, anus or mouth without consent, or with consent obtained by force, threat, intimidation, impersonation, or substances that remove the will.
What were the key findings of the Mirabel Centre audit in Lagos State?
2160 cases, mean age 13.9 years, 97.7% female, 48.4% were 11–20 years, 71.6% defilement, 20.3% rape, 10.3% of perpetrators were family members.
What were the findings from the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital study?
All 78 adolescents were female, mean age 14.1 years, 60.3% virgins, 6.4% had multiple perpetrators, 44.9% had genital injuries, hymen most affected.
What are some social foundations of rape?
Cultural male dominance, traditional gender role attitudes, acceptance of myths like marital entitlement to sex or victim blaming.
What myths exist about rape and sexual assault?
Myths include: men can’t be raped, only gay men are raped, rape is due to uncontrollable urges, most rapes are by strangers, and survivors must be visibly injured.
How should a rape exam be conducted clinically?
Take a careful and empathetic history, do general physical and genital exam with a chaperone, collect swabs and samples, test for STIs and pregnancy.
What steps are included in the forensic rape exam?
Collect torn clothing, loose hairs, debris, fingernail scrapings, and semen samples. Provide new clothes and document everything.
What is the ideal protocol for handling evidence after a rape?
Use sexual assault kit, secure evidence, refer victim to counselling and support services, provide prophylactic treatments and emergency contraception.
What are the causes of violence against women?
Patriarchy, religious interpretations, cultural traditions, and differential upbringing of boys and girls.
What are the consequences of violence against women?
Mental health issues, physical disability, fear, guilt, suicidal ideation, trust issues, death, child morbidity, youth maladjustment, societal breakdown.
How can violence against women be prevented?
Through legislation, public education, healthcare interventions, and community awareness.
What legislation exists in Nigeria to prevent violence against women?
Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (2015).
Is rape possible within marriage?
Yes; it is defined legally and punishable, especially when it involves coercion or impersonation.
What are some psychological effects of sexual violence?
Depression, anxiety, PTSD, phobias, flashbacks, suicidal thoughts, low self-esteem.
What kind of reactions might rape survivors exhibit?
Reactions vary widely—from calmness to panic, depression, or denial.
Why is it important to have a female doctor during rape exams if requested?
To respect the victim’s comfort, privacy, and reduce additional trauma.
