Enzymes and digestion Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an enzyme
A biological catalyst that speeds up reactions and are made of proteins
How do enzymes work
Enzymes have a specifically shaped active site that binds to the substrates (lock and key model) and digests the substrate into other products
Denaturing enzymes
When the temperature reaches too high the bonds holding the enzyme together break so change the shape of the active site which is called denaturing
If the pH also reaches too high or too low the enzyme can also denature due to it breaking the bonds
Investigating Enzymes Practicle
Add iodine to each well in the spotting tile
Use a water bath to heat 5 cm^3 of amylase and allow to heat. Next add 5 cm^3 of starch to solution and start continuous sampling of every 30s by adding to the iodine filled wells
When the iodine remains brown-orange the reaction is complete and starch is no longer present
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Where is protease produced?
Stomach acids
Pancreas
Small intestine
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas
Small intestine
What does starch digest into
Maltose and other sugars
What does protein digest into
amino acids
What does fat/lipids digest into
glycerol and fatty acids
Uses of Bile
Neutralises stomach acid to make conditions alkaline for the small intestine
Emulsifies fat so fat can be broken down into smaller droplets and have a bigger surface area to volume ratio
Salivary glands in digestion
Produce amylase in the saliva
Uses of the stomach in digestion
Pummels food with muscular walls
Produces protease and pepsin
Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and create optimum conditions of protease
Uses of the liver in digestion
Produces bile which emulsifies fat and neutralises acid
Uses of the pancreas in digestion
Produces protease, amylase and lipase and releases them into the small intestine
Uses of the gall bladder in digestion
Stores bile before being released into the small intestine
Uses of the large intestine in digestion
Where excess water is absorbed from food
Uses of the small intestine in digestion
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
Where digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system and into the blood
Uses of the rectum in digestion
Where faeces is stores before exiting the body
Used of the Liver
Produces bile which emulsafies fat for lipase to digest
Oxidises lactic acid to prevent toxic acid build up
Breaks down amino acids
Stores glycogen (can cause diabetes if fails)
