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Esperanto > Esperanto Affixes > Flashcards

Esperanto Affixes Flashcards

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1
Q

-ant

A

: present active participle.

fali = to fall falanta = falling.

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2
Q

-ont

A

: future active participle.

fali = to fall falonta = going to fall.

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3
Q

-int

A

: past active participle.

fali = to fall falinta = fallen.

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4
Q

-at

A

: present passive participle.

manĝi = to eat manĝata = being eaten.

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5
Q

-it

A

: past passive participle.

manĝi = to eat manĝita = (having been) eaten.

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6
Q

-ot

A

: future passive participle.

manĝi = to eat, manĝota = going to be eaten.

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7
Q

-ad

A

: shows an action or process defined by the root.
marteli = to hammer, martelado = hammering
boji = to bark (like a dog) bojado = barking
ada = continual, ongoing

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8
Q

-aĵ

A

: shows a concrete, tangible manifestation of the root.
riĉa = rich, riĉaĵoj = riches
havi = to have havaĵoj = possessions
aĵo = a thing

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9
Q

-ec

A

: shows a quality or characteristic defined by the root.
riĉa = rich, riĉeco = richness
blua = blue blueco = blue (of something)
eco = a characteristic, quality

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10
Q

-ul

A

: shows a person characterized by the root.
riĉa = rich, riĉulo = a rich person
bona = good bonulo = a good person
ulo = a guy, dude

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11
Q

-an

A

: member, adherent, participant of the root.
komitato = committee komitatano = a committee-member
Budho = the Buddha budhano = a Buddhist
ano = a member

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12
Q

-ar

A

: a collection of things defined by the root.
arbo = tree arbaro = a forest
ŝafo = a sheep ŝafaro = a flock of sheep
aro = a bunch, group, array

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13
Q

-ej

A

: a place intended for the thing(s) or action(s) defined by the root.
kuiri = to cook kuirejo = a kitchen
preĝi = to pray preĝejo = a church
ejo = a place

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14
Q

-er

A

: the smallest part or element of a collective defined by the root.
sablo = sand sablero = a grain of sand
neĝo = snow neĝero = a snowflake
ero = a unit

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15
Q

-estr

A

: the boss of whatever is defined by the root.
komitato = committee komitatestro = chairmain of the
committee
urbo = town urbestro = mayor
estro = a boss

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16
Q

-id

A

: the offspring of the creature defined in the root.
kato = cat katido = akitten
arbo = tree arbido = a sapling
ido = an offspring

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17
Q

-il

A

: a tool for doing whatever is defined by the root.
komputi = to compute komputilo = a computer
tranĉi = to cut tranĉilo = a knife
ilo = a tool

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18
Q

-in

A

: the specifically female version of whatever is defined by the root.
filo = son filino = daughter
viro = man virino = woman
ino = a woman, female

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19
Q

-ing

A

: a holder or sheath for an object defined by the root.
kandelo = candle kandelingo = candle-holder
cigaro = cigar cigaringo = cigar-holder
ingo = a holder

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20
Q

-ism

A

: a doctrine, movement, system, etc., for the idea defined by the
root.
Budho = Buddha budhismo = Buddhism
Markso = Karl Marx marksismo = Marxism
isma = having to do with doctrine

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21
Q

-ist

A

: an individual professionally or avocationally occupied with the
idea or activity defined by the root

  ĵurnalo = newspaper               ĵurnalisto = newspaperman, 
                                         reporter
  lingvo = language                  lingvisto = a linguist
                    isto = a professional
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22
Q

-uj

A

: a container for objects described by the root.
salo = salt salujo = salt-shaker
mono = money monujo = a purse
ujo = a container

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23
Q

-ik

A

: an unofficial suffix to form the name of a science, etc., from its
practitioner.
poeto = poet poetiko = poetics
lingvo = language lingviko = linguistics

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24
Q

-it

A

: an unofficial suffix to describe an inflamation of the organ
described by the root.
laringo = larynx laringito = laryngitis
hepato = liver hepatito = hepatitis

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25
-ebl
: suitable for having whatever is described by the root done to it. legi = to read legebla = readable, legible fari = to do farebla = doable ebla = possible ebli = to be possible
26
-em
: having an inclination or tendency towards whatever is described by the root. ami = to love amema = loving labori = to work laborema = industrious emi = to have a tendency to
27
-end
: must have whatever is described by the root done to it. fari = to do farenda = must be done sendi = to send sendenda = must be sent enda = mandatory
28
-ind
: worth having whatever is described by the root done to it. ami = to love aminda = loveable fari = to do farinda = worth doing indi = to be worthwhile
29
-al
: used to create the adjective form of a noun formed directly from an adjective. varma = hot varmo = heat varmala = thermal ruĝa = red ruĝo = red (color) ruĝala = having to do with the color red
30
-esk
: similar to, or in the manner of, whatever is described by the root. japano = a Japanese japaneska = Japanesque statuo = a statue statueska = statuesque
31
-iv
: capable of doing whatever is described by the root. pagi = to pay pagiva = solvent fari = to do fariva = able to do
32
-oz
: used with noun roots to show the presence of a large quantity of whatever is described by the root. poro = pore poroza = porous sablo = sand sabloza = full of sand
33
-ig
: to cause something to be in the state described by the root. ruĝa = red ruĝigi = to (cause to) turn red fari = to do (something) farigi = to have (something) done igi = to cause to
34
-iĝ
: to become in the state described by the root. ruĝa = red ruĝiĝi = to become red fari = to do fariĝi = to become (done) iĝi = to become
35
-iz
: to apply something (physically or metaphorically) to an object. plumo = feather plumizi = to fletch stano = tin stanizi = to tin (as in soldering)
36
-art
: the art of whatever is described by the root. kuiri = to cook kuirarto = cuisine navigi = to navigate navigarto = navigation (the art)
37
-am
: loving whatever is described by the root. gasto = guest gastama = hospitable mono = money monama = avaricious
38
-hav
: possessing whatever is described by the root. flugilo = wing flugilhava = winged oro = gold orhava = possessing gold
39
-plen
: full of whatever is described by the root. oro = gold orplena = full of gold. humila = humble humilplena = full of humility
40
-pov
: capable of whatever is described by the root. esprimi = to express esprimpova = expressive pagi = to pay pagipova = solvent
41
-riĉ
: rich with whatever is described by the root. karbo = coal karbriĉa = rich in coal grasa = fat grasriĉa = fatty
42
-ŝajn
: seeming to be whatever is described by the root. vera = true verŝajne = apparently blua = blue bluŝajna = blue-seeming
43
-aspekt
: having the appearance of whatever is described by the root. reĝo = king reĝaspekta = with the seeming of a king, kingly hundo = large hundaspekta = looking like a dog
44
-simil
: being similar to whatever is described by the root. floro = flower florsimila = like a flower ŝtono = stone ŝtonsimila = like a stone
45
-manier
: with the manner of whatever is described by the root. besto = animal bestmaniera = with the manner of an animal hundo = dog hundmaniera = dog-like
46
dis-
: having to do with separation, in all possible directions. sendi = to send dissendi = to broadcast semi = to sow (seeds) dissemi = to scatter (seeds) disaj = scattered
47
ek-
: the beginning of an action described by the root. iri = to go ekiri = to set out vidi = to see ekvidi = to catch sight of ek! = move it! get the lead out!
48
for-
: away. iri = to go foriri = to depart, leave lasi = to leave forlasi = to abandon fora = distant
49
mis-
: wrongly, incorrectly, off the mark. kompreni = to understand miskompreni = to misunderstand ĵeti = to throw misĵeti = to throw wide of the mark misi = to miss, to err
50
re-
: back to the beginning again. veni = to come reveni = to return vidi = to see revidi = to see again venki = to conquer revenki = to reconquer ree = again
51
retro-
: in the opposite direction. iri = to go retroiri = to go in the opposite direction paŝi = to step retropaŝi = to step back
52
ĉef-
: greatest or most important. ministro = minister (cabinet type) ĉefministro = Prime Minister, Premier urbo = city ĉefurbo = capitol ĉefa = main
53
vir-
: male equivalent of -in for beings whose sex is usually not considered important (except, of course, to themselves...), and whose root form is therefore considered neuter. kato = cat virkato = tomcat blato = cockroach virblato = buck cockroach viro = man, male human
54
cis-
: on this side of. luno = moon cisluna = cislunar, between earth and moon limo = border cislima = on this side of the border
55
-aĉ
: gives the word a shading of contempt, detestation. ĉevalo = horse ĉevalaĉo = nag domo = house domaĉo = hovel aĉa = contemptible, disgusting
56
-eg
: augments or strengthens the idea shown by the root. domo = house domego = mansion varma = hot varmega = boiling hot ega = huge
57
-et
: the opposite of -eg, it diminishes the idea shown by the root. domo = house dometo = cottage varma = hot varmeta = warm eta = tiny
58
-um
: the affix equivalent of the preposition je, it has no definite meaning; words with -um must almost be learned separately. vento = wind ventumi = to ventilate aminda = lovable amindumi = to pitch woo umo = doohicky
59
-if
: to turn something into the root. | varma = hot varmifi = to thermalize
60
-ĉj
: takes a man's name and turns it into an intimate form. frato = brother fraĉjo = little brother Johano = John Joĉjo = Jack
61
-nj
: the female equivalent of the above. frato = brother franjo = little sister Johana = Joan Jonjo = Joanie
62
bo-
: related through marriage. patro = father bopatro = father-in-law kuzo = cousin bokuzo = cousin-in-law boa = related by marriage
63
eks-
: former. reĝo = king eksreĝo = former (abdicated) king Sovetio = Soviet Union ekssovetio = former USSR eksa = former
64
ge-
: both sexes taken together. patro = father gepatroj = parents Sinjoro = Mr. gesinjoroj = Mr. and Mrs. gea = male+female
65
mal-
: turns a word into its opposite. bela = beautiful malbela = ugly amiko = friend malamiko = enemy mala = opposite
66
pra-
: distant in time (usually in the past) or relationship. arbaro = forest praarbaro = forest primeval nepo = grandson pranepo = great-grandson patro = father prapatroj = forefathers praa = before the dawn of...
67
pseŭdo-
: false. scienco = science pseŭdoscienco = pseudoscience nomo = name pseŭdonomo = pseudonym
68
nov-
: has to do with newness. | edzino = wife nova edzino = new wife novedzino = bride.
69
dik-
: thick. | fingro = finger dika fingro = thick finger dikfingro = thumb
70
duon-
: half. | frato = brother duonfrato = half-brother
71
vic-
: second in rank, acting as regent for. reĝo = king vicreĝo = viceroy prezidento = president vicprezidento = vice-president vico = line, place in line
72
ne-
: creates the negative (not, however, the opposite) of the root. bona = good nebona = ungood malbona = bad
73
fuŝ-
: screwed up. verki = to write (to compose fuŝverki = to make it come a work of art) out all wrong fuŝi = to screw up

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