Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Characteristics of eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Dimensions up to 10 times greater than prokaryotes, membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, protein scaffolding called the cytoskeleton

Question 2

What is the purpose of organelles being membrane-bound

Answer 2

Keeping away inappropriate molecules and traffic regulation

Question 3

Features of the nucleus

Answer 3

Site of DNA replication, double membrane with nuclear pores, each pare surrounded by 8 large protein granules

Question 4

Features of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

10% of cell interior volume, studded with ribosomes

Question 5

Function of the RER

Answer 5

Segregates newly synthesised proteins away from the cytoplasm and transports them to
other areas of the cell

Question 6

Features of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

More tubular than the RER, lacks ribosomes

Question 7

Function of the SER

Answer 7

Chemical modification of drugs, hydrolysis of glucose, synthesis of lipids and steroids

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Found in cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, site of protein synthesis

Question 9

Features of Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

Flattened membrane sacs called cisternæ

Question 10

Function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Receives proteins from RER and may further modify them, concentrates, packages, and sorts proteins, site of synthesis of polysaccharides for cell wall

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Sites for breakdown of food and foreign material brought into cell by phagocytosis, site of autograph (digestion of spent cellular components).

Question 12

Features of mitochondria

Answer 12

Independent genome, number in cell varies by organism and tissue type

Question 13

Function of mitochondria

Answer 13

Energy stored in bonds of carbohydrates and fatty acids is converted into ATP

Question 14

Plastids

Answer 14

Umbrella term for organelles like chloroplasts

Question 15

Functions of vacuoles

Answer 15

Storage, structure, reproduction, digestion