Transcription

Question 1

Flow of information

Answer 1

DNA → RNA → protein

Question 2

Properties of RNA

Answer 2

Single stranded, ribose sugar, uracil base (no thymine)

Question 3

3 phases of transcription

Answer 3

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 4

Initiation phase

Answer 4

RNA polymerase recognises and binds to a promoter sequence on the DNA, this tells RNA polymerase where to start, part of each promoter is the initiation site

Question 5

Elongation phase

Answer 5

RNA polymerase elongates the RNA molecule in a 3’ to 5’ direction, nucleotides are added, substrates are hydrolysed to release energy for RNA synthesis

Question 6

Termination phase

Answer 6

Special DNA sequences and protein helpers terminate transcription, the transcript is released from the DNA (primary transcript /pre-mRNA), pre-mRNA is processed to generate mature mRNA