Exam 1 Cont.

Question 1

Inability to make attachment proteins or adhesins

Answer 1

Avirulent

Question 2

Extracellular enzymes are secreted by

Answer 2

The pathogen

Question 3

Hyaluronidase and collagenase break down ____ which allow bacteria to ____

Answer 3

Tissue; penetrate deeper

Question 4

Toxins are chemicals that

Answer 4

Harm tissues or trigger host immune responses

Question 5

Two types of toxins

Answer 5

Exotoxins

Endotoxins

Question 6

Examples of exotoxins

Answer 6

Cytotoxins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins

Question 7

Example of endotoxin

Answer 7

Lipid A

Question 8

Antiphagocytic factors prevent

Answer 8

Phagocytosis via bacterial capsule and chemicals

Question 9

Stages of infectious disease

Answer 9

1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal period
3. Illness
4. Decline
5. Convalescence

Question 10

Incubation period

Answer 10

Between infection and 1st symptoms or signs

Question 11

Prodromal period

Answer 11

Short period of generalized, mild symptoms

Question 12

Illness

Answer 12

Most severe stage, signs/symptoms most evident

Question 13

Decline

Answer 13

Body slowly returns to normal

Immune system vanquish pathogens

Question 14

Convalescence

Answer 14

Patient recovers from illness

Question 15

Portals of exit

Answer 15

Bodily secretions
Blood
Vaginal secretions
Breastmilk
Bodily wastes

Question 16

Modes of transmission

Answer 16

Contact
Vehicle
Vector
Perinatal

Question 17

Contact transmission

Answer 17

Direct, indirect or droplet

Question 18

Fomite

Answer 18

Inanimate object involved in indirect transmission

Question 19

Vehicle transmission

Answer 19

Air, water, foor, fecal-oral bodily fluids

Question 20

Vector transmission

Answer 20

Arachnid or insect, biological or mechanical

Question 21

Perinatal transmission

Answer 21

Mom to baby (placenta/breast milk)

Question 22

Arthropod vectors

Answer 22

Animals that carry pathogens

Question 23

Mechanical vectors

Answer 23

Only carry pathogen

Question 24

Biological vectors

Answer 24

Serve as host for pathogen

Question 25

Disease vectors belong to

Answer 25

Arachnids | Insects

Question 26

_____ are most important arachnid vectors

Answer 26

Ticks

Question 27

____ do NOT cause disease

Answer 27

Spiders

Question 28

_____ are most important insect vector

Answer 28

Mosquitoes

Question 29

____ is Most important and common of ALL vectors

Answer 29

Mosquitoes

Question 30

Incidence

Answer 30

Number of NEW cases

Question 31

Prevalence

Answer 31

Number of TOTAL cases

Question 32

Endemic

Answer 32

Disease that normally occurs at regular intervals

Question 33

Sporadic

Answer 33

Few scattered cases

Question 34

Epidemic

Answer 34

Occurs at greater frequency than is usual

Question 35

Pandemic

Answer 35

Occurs on more than one continent

Question 36

Descriptive epidemiology

Answer 36

Tabulation of data and identify index case

Question 37

Index case

Answer 37

First cases of the disease

Question 38

Tabulation of data

Answer 38

Record location and time of disease Collect patient info

Question 39

Nosocomial infections

Answer 39

Acquired in health-care settings

Question 40

Exogenous nosocomial infection

Answer 40

Pathogen acquired from HC environment

Question 41

Endogenous nosocomial infection

Answer 41

Pathogen arises from microbiota bc of factors in HC setting

Question 42

Iatrogenic

Answer 42

From modern medical procedures

Question 43

most effective way to reduce nosocomial infections

Answer 43

Hand washing

Question 44

Notifiable diseases

Answer 44

Diseases for which HC workers are required to report to state health departments

Question 45

Foodborne illnesses due to comsumption of

Answer 45

Spoiled foods/foods containing harmful microbes or their products

Question 46

Two categories of food poisoning

Answer 46

Food infections | Food intoxications

Question 47

Food infections

Answer 47

Consumption of living microorganisms

Question 48

Food intoxications

Answer 48

Consumption of microbial toxins, NOT microbe

Question 49

Most common place foodborne illnesses come from

Answer 49

Restaurants

Question 50

Waterborne illnesses caused by consuming

Answer 50

Contaminated water

Question 51

Waterborne diseases in US

Answer 51

Rare

Question 52

#1 MC foodborne pathogen

Answer 52

Norovirus

Question 53

#2 MC foodborne illness

Answer 53

Salmonella