- urge to urinate - burning sensation - frequent, small amounts of urine - cloudy urine OR bright pink or "cola colored" - strong smelling

Final: Urinary and Reproductive Flashcards by Rachel Smith

Symptoms of UTIs

urge to urinate
burning sensation
frequent, small amounts of urine
cloudy urine OR bright pink or “cola colored”
strong smelling

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Pain caused by UTI’s

Women: pelvic
Men: rectal

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Top Pathogens causing UTIs

Escherichia coli (80-85%)
Staphylococcus saprophytic (5-10%)
Proteus Mirabilis– only cause UTIs but not frequently

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UTIs often _________bacteria into the urethra and are more common in ______ and spread easily by _____ in a nosocomial environment

self-inoculate fecal; women; urinary catheters cause nosocomial infection

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Leptospirosis is spread via

urine contaminated water (common in dogs)

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Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis symtpoms

sudden appearance of edema, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension and irreversible kidney damage

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APSGN pathogen

streptococcus pyogenes

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APSCN occurs

10-14 days after a strep infection

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Leptospirosis pathogen

leptospirosis interrogans

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Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome symptoms

sudden onset of extremely low BP, confusion, severe red rash, loss of sheets of skin. Can cause shock and be fatal

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Pathogen of STSS

Staphylococcus aureus

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STSS can be caused by a

TSS toxin growing in a wound (men can get) or in an abraded vagina

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People most at risk of STSS

menstruating females

-avoid super-absorbent tampons

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STSS is considered a

medical emergency

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Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

white vaginal discharge and a “fishy” odor

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Pathogen causing BV

various anaerobic bacterias

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BV can be associated with

multiple sexual partners (NOT AN STI) and vaginal douching because they both change the pH of the vagina

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Vaginal yeast infection AKA

fungal vaginitis, candidiasis

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Symptoms of a Vaginal yeast infection

severe vaginal itching and burning, odor-free, cottage cheese appearance (vaginal discharge)

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Pathogen causing vaginal yeast infection

most commonly: candida albicans

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Candida overgrowths occur when

vaginal pH or microbiota changes

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STIs are a _______worldwide occurs

common

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______ are at a higher risk of getting an STI

females

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Prevention of STIs

abstinence, mutual monogamy, safe sex practices

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Gonorrhea AKA

the clap

Gonorrhea in men

painful urination and pus-filled discharge called urethritis

Gonorrhea in women

often asymptomatic (50-80%) but can trigger pelvic inflammatory response

Pathogen causing gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhea more likely in:

19X more common in African Americans | More common in females

You can be infected ______ times with gonorrhea

multiple

Women with Chlamydia

usually asymptomatic

Men with Chlamydia

painful urination and non-gonococcal urethritis (pus discharge from penis)

Pathogen causing chlamydia

chlamydia trachoma's

Elementary bodies

infective form

reticulate bodies

reproductive form

Chlamydia is the most common ______ STD in the US

reportable

Infection of chlamydia in adolescence increases the risk of ______

cervical cancer

Lymphogranuloma venereum

chronic infection of lymphatic system causing a genital lesion and bubo in groin

Lymphogranuloma Venereum is an STD caused by different strains of

chlamydia trachomatis

Granuloma inguinale causes a

small, painless nodule that bursts and creates a "beefy red lesion"

Pathogen causing Granuloma inguinal

Klebsiella Granulomatis

transmission of Granuloma inguinale

sexually through contact with open sores

4 stages of syphilis

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Latent 4. Tertiary

Primary stage of syphilis

small, painless, reddened chancre at site of infection 10-21 days after exposure

Secondary stage of syphilis

widespread rash (no pain or itching, lasting months) and mild illness

Latent (3rd) stage of syphilis

clinically inactive | *most cases don't advance beyond this

Tertiary (4th) stage of syphilis

1/3 of cases progress to this. | Causes dementia and gummas

Gummas

rubbery, painful swollen lesions that occur in bones, nerve tissue or skin

Pathogen causing syphilis

Treponema pallidum pallidum

Syphilis occurs ______ and is transmitted mostly _____ but sometimes ___-

worldwide; via sexual contact; mother to child

Chancroid symptoms

soft chancres (genital ulcers) that are large, painful, and white to pink asymptomatic in females as chancre's can be internal

Pathogen causing Chancroid

Haemophilus ducreyi

Chancroid is transmitted

sexually

Genital Herpes are

small, painful blisters on or around the genitals or rectum that disappear after a short time but reoccur

Pathogen causing genital herpes

HHV2 is most common | -stays latent in sacral ganglia

Genital herpes are a ____ STD that is transmitted ____ and quadruples the risk of ______ infection

viral; sexually; HIV

Genital Warts

warts on the genitalia. Can be large growths "cauliflower-like" called condylomata acuminata

Pathogen causing genital warts

``` Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) can cause cervical cancer in women and oropharyngeal cancer in men ```

Genital warts are _____ transmitted and the most common STD in the US but are not _____

sexually; reportable

AIDS is not a disease but a

syndrome

AIDS can lead to other infections such as:

- Candidiasis - PCP - Shingles - CMV - Kaposi's sarcoma - Disseminated herpes - Tuberculosis - Toxoplasmosis

HIV is founding

blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions and breast milk

To spread, HIV infected fluid must

contact a tear or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane it can also be injected into the body

Blood test detecting antibodies against HIV

HIV + does NOT mean the patient has AIDS

Kaposi's Sarcoma is a type of ___ cancer causing:

skin; bluish-red or purple bumps on the skin

pathogen causing Kaposi's Sarcoma

HHV-8

Kaposi's Sarcoma is rarely seen in

immunocompetent patients. Very common in those with HIV/AIDS

Tricomoniasis symptoms

"frothy green" vaginal discharge and irritation | -males are usually asymptomatic

pathogen causing trichomoniasis

trichomonad vaginalis

Trichomoniasis is transmitted primarily

via sexual intercourse. It is curable in women and increases the risk of an HIV infection

Final: Urinary and Reproductive Flashcards

(70 cards)