Exam 4: Digestive System Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
Peptic Ulcers are spread
A
by fecal-oral contamination
2
Q
what can worsen peptic ulcer symptoms?
A
stress
3
Q
Gastroenteritis is
A
inflammation of stomach or intestines caused by bacteria
4
Q
Gastroenteritis can be associated with
A
contaminated food and water
5
Q
General Symptoms of Gastroenteritis
A
nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps
6
Q
campylobacter diarrhea causes
A
bloody and frequent diarrhea (10+ times a day) that can last 7-10 days
7
Q
pathogen causing campylobacter diarrhea
A
campylobacter jejuni
8
Q
Most common causative organism of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US
A
campylobacter jejuni
9
Q
infection of campylobacter is caused by
A
humans consuming contaminated food, milk or water. Poultry is the most common source of the infection
10
Q
prevention of campylobacter diarrhea
A
proper hygiene after handling raw poultry and cooking poultry throughly (165 degrees)
11
Q
E. Coli infection causes
A
watery diarrhea
12
Q
pathogen causing E.coli
A
escherichia coli
13
Q
E.Coli can be called _____ in underdeveloped countries
A
Traveler’s Diarrhea
14
Q
Gastroenteritis is the #1 disease that ________ causes
A
E.Coli
15
Q
The #1 pathogen causing gastroenteritis is
A
Campylobacter Jejuni
16
Q
Transmission of E.coli infection
A
fecal-oral, from consumption of undercooked beef or unpasteurized milk/ fruit juice contaminated with feces
17
Q
Treatment of E.coli
A
based on symptoms but antidiarrheal drugs can prolong the symptoms
18
Q
Prevention of E.coli
A
hand washing
19
Q
2 diseases making up salmonellosis
A
- Acute bacterial gastroenteritis
- Typhoid fever (enteric fever)
20
Q
Acute bacterial gastroenteritis results from
A
food borne infection/ intoxication
21
Q
Typhoid Fever (enteric fever) results from
A
bacterial invasion of the blood stream
22
Q
Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is also known as
A
Salmonella food poisoning
23
Q
Symptom of salmonella food poisoning
A
non bloody diarrhea
24
Q
Symptom of Typhoid fever
A
peritonitis (caused by the bacteria perforating the intestinal wall)
25
Pathogen causing Salmonellosis
multiple Salmonella enterica serotypes
26
Serotypes causing typhoid fever
Thyphi and Paratyphi
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Serotypes causing food poisoning
Entertidis and Typhimurium
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Salmonella food poisoning is acquired by consuming
contaminated eggs, poultry, or inadequately pasteurized milk
29
Typhoid fever is acquired by
contaminated food or water
30
Treatment of salmonella food poisoning
self-limiting, treated with fluid and electrolyte replacement
31
prevention of salmonellosis
proper hygiene, avoiding raw eggs (especially if unpasteurized)
32
Shigellosis AKA
bacillary dysentery
33
Symptoms of Shigellosis
blood, pus, or mucus in stools
34
4 species of shigella causing bacillary dysentery
S. Sonnei (2/3 US)
S. Flexneri (1/3 US)
S. Dysenteriae
S. Boydii
35
Shigella produces ___ toxin that induces diarrhea
shiga toxin
36
Transmission of shigellosis
fecal-oral route by ingesting bacteria from contaminated hands or consuming contaminated foods (cold foods and prepared salads)
37
prevention of shigellosis
hand washing, especially after handling diapers
38
cholera causes
explosive water diarrhea and vomiting
39
more severe cases of Cholera can result in
death
40
pathogen causing cholera
vibrio cholerae
41
Vibrio cholerae produces ____ toxin and is the only vibrio that can survive in _____
produces cholera toxin; can survive in freshwater, MC vibrio to infect humans
42
Transmission of Cholera
fecal-oral route by ingesting contaminated food and water
43
diagnosis of Cholera
based on presence of rice-water stools
44
Severe cases of Antimicrobial-Associated Diarrhea develop
pseudomembranous colitis
45
pseudomembranous colitis
large sections of the colon slough off, can perforate the colon and its life-threatening
46
clostridium difficile causes
anti-microbial-associated diarrhea
47
Trigger of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea
any antimicrobial can trigger the disease
48
treatment of antimicrobial-associated diarrhea
probiotics are helpful in reducing C. Dif and other antibiotic-induced diarrhea
49
pathogen causing staphylococcal food poising
staphylococcus aureus
50
transmission of staphylococcal food poisoning
eating contaminated food (foods made by hand, require no cooking, salty) examples are sliced deli meat, puddings, some pastries and sandwiches
51
clostridial food poisoning symptoms
NO fever or N/V, benign infection lasting less than 24 hours
52
clostridial food poisoning is caused by
clostridium perfringens
53
transmission of clostridial food poisoning
eating contaminated meat
54
symptoms of peptic ulcers
abdominal pain
55
duodenal ulcers are ____ by food
relieved
56
gastric ulcers are _____ by food
exacerbated
57
pathogen causing peptic ulcers
helicobacter pylori
58
Yersinia food poisoning is passed by
contaminated pork
59
Yersinia food poisoning often mimics a ____ and is common in ____
mimics an appendicitis, common in kids
60
Bacillus cereus food poisoning AKA
Fried Rice Syndrome
61
Bacillus cereus food poisoning is found in ___ dishes that have been _________
rice dishes that have been cooked and then held sat a warm temperature for a long time
62
Mumps is a
viral disease
63
Special symptoms of Mumps
1. Parotitis- enlargement of parotid glands
| 2. Orchitis- inflammation of the testes
64
Spread of Mumps
respiratory droplets or fomites contaminated with infected saliva
65
People infected with mumps develop a
lifelong immunity
66
Vaccine for mumps
MMR
67
Pathogens causing Viral Gastroenteritis
Norovirus, Astrovirus, and Rotavirus
68
Viral gastroenteritis is spread
via fecal-oral route
69
Norovirus causes
90% of viral gastroenteritis
70
Norovirus is the #1 cause of
food borne illness in the US
71
Norovirus is considered an
emerging disease
72
Astrovirus causes gastroenteritis with ____ but no ___
diarrhea but no vomiting
73
Rotavirus is the most common cause of ______
infantile gastroenteritis
74
Rotavirus causes _____ in developing countries
significant number of deaths
75
Treatment of rotavirus
a vaccine is available
76
Major sign of viral hepatitis
jaundice
77
Hepatitis A is _____ to common household disinfectants and does not cause _______
resistant; does not cause chronic liver illness and a complete recovery occurs most of the time
78
Transmission of Hepatitis A
fecal-oral route
79
Treatment of Hepatitis A
vaccine available
80
Hep B can cause _______ and a confection with Hepatitis D will______
severe liver damage; confection increases risk of permanent liver damage
81
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is associated with
liver cancer
82
Transmission of Hepatitis B
spread through infected needles, sexual intercourse, and passage to babies during childbirth
(blood, bonking, babies)
83
Hepatitis C causes a ___ infection
chronic
84
Transmission of Hepatitis C
needles, organ transplants, blood transfusions, and sexual activity
85
Treatment of hepatitis C
none for a long time but there are new drugs on the market that take 12 weeks to treat someone
86
Hepatitis D does not attach to ____- cells so it is a _____ virus
doesn't attach to liver cells so it is a satellite virus that must connect with Hep B
(dependent)
87
transmission of Hepatitis D
bodily fluids: sexual activity and contaminated needles
88
Treatment of hepatitis D
no vaccine
89
Hepatitis E AKA
enteric hepatitis
90
Hep E is fatal in 20% of
pregnant women
91
Transmission of Hepatitis E
fecal-oral Route
92
Giardiasis is a ______ and also known as _____ fever
protozoan disease and known as beaver fever
93
Giardiasis symptom
"rotten egg" smelling stools
94
Giardiasis is one of the most common ______ in the US
waterborne gastrointestinal diseases
95
Giardiasis causes an infection by
ingesting cysts in contaminated water or when swimming
This is why humans and pets shouldn't drink unfiltered stream or river water
96
Duodenal ulcer ___ by food
Relieved
97
Gastric ulcer __ by food
Exacerbated
98
Symptom of Cryptosporidiosis
Diarrhea that lasts up to 2 weeks
99
Cryptosporidiosis is spread by
drinking contaminated water and fecal-oral transmission
100
Most common type of amebiasis is _______ and it is ______
luminal amebiasis (90% of cases) is asymptomatic and
101
pathogen causing amebiasis
entamoeba histolytica
102
Transmission of Amebiasis
ingestion of cysts by consuming contaminated food or water, contaminated hands, or oral-anal intercourse
103
Pathogen causing Cyclosporiasis
cyclospora cayetanensis
104
Spread of Cyclosporiasis
- ingestion of oocytes in contaminated food or drink
- raspberries
considered an emerging disease
105
Tapeworms are usually _____ but may cause ______ and an ____
asymptomatic; weight loss; intestinal blockage if the tapeworm is large enough
106
Taenia Saginata
beef tapeworm
107
Taenia Solium
pork tapeworm
108
Humans become infected by tapeworms by
consuming raw or undercooked meat containing cysts
109
Proglottids
segments of tapeworm that are found in fecal samples or in contaminated meat
110
Pathogen known as "fish or broad tapeworm"
Diphyllobothrium latum
111
Infection caused by fish tapeworm
Diphyllobothriasis
112
Diphyllobothriasis
80% asymptomatic, may cause unexplained weight loss and in severe cases megaloblastic anemia
113
Diphyllobothriasis is spread by
consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish
| walleye pike, salmon, trout, perch, minnows
114
Pathogen known as the canine tapeworm
echinococcus granulosus
115
Canine tapeworms form _________ found primarily in the _____
hydatid cysts found mostly in the liver
116
Canine tapeworm is transmitted by
consuming food or water contaminated by dog feces
117
Ascariasis infections are mostly ______ but severe cases can result in _______
asymptomatic; severe cases can cause complete intestinal obstruction and become fatal
118
Ascaris lumbricoides
pathogen causing Ascariasis and is the largest nematode to infect humans
119
Ascariasis is the
most common nematode infection of humans worldwide but is not common in the U.S.
120
Hookworm is the
2nd most common helminthic in the US and world wide
121
Hookworms can cause chronic
anemia, iron, and protein deficiencies
122
Ground itch
an itchy site where the larvae penetrates the body
123
2 hookworms that infect humans
- Ancylostoma duodenale
| - Necator americanus
124
Transmission of hookworms
larvae penetrate the skin, usually the foot
125
Prevention of hookworms
wearing shoes in endemic areas
126
Pinworms cause
perianal itching
127
Pathogen causing pinworms
enterobius vermicularis a nematode
128
Dracunculiasis
Guinea worm disease
129
pathogen causing Guinea worm disease
Dracunculus medinesis
