Flashcards in Exam 1 Part 2 Deck (50):
1
What are the 4 processes of life?
growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and metabolism
2
T/F: Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
True
3
T/F: Eukaryotes lack a nucleus
False
4
T/F: Prokaryotes have internal-membrane bound organelles.
False
5
T/F: Prokaryotes have linear DNA
False; they have circular DNA
6
Which are smaller, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
prokaryotes
7
Which is composed of bacteria and archaea, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
prokaryotes
8
T/F: Prokaryotes have a complex structure.
False; they have a simple structure
9
T/F: Eukaryotes have round DNA
False, they have linear DNA
10
What are eukaryotes composed of?
algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, and plants
11
What are the two types of Glycocalyces (gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell)?
Capsule and Slime layer
12
What is responsible for the movement of Bacterial cells?
Flagella
13
T/F: all bacteria have Flagella
false
14
What rod-like proteinaceous extensions of bacterial cells have sticky, bristlelike projections, are used by bacteria to adhere to one another, and serve an important function in biofilms?
Fimbriae
15
What rod-like proteinaceous extension of bacterial cells are longer than flagella, mediate the transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation), and are also known as conjugation pili
pili
16
What structure provides structure and shape to bacterial cells?
cell wall
17
What structure protects bacterial cells from osmotic forces?
cell wall
18
What are bacterial cell walls composed of?
peptidoglycan
19
What are the two basic types of bacterial cell walls?
Gram (+) and Gram (-)
20
Which type of cell walls appear purple after Gram staining?
Gram (+)
21
Which type of cell walls have a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan?
Gram (+)
22
What kind of cell wall can be found on prokaryotes?
Gram (-)
23
Which type of bacterial cell wall has a bilayer membrane and a relatively thin layer of peptidoglycan?
Gram (-)
24
Which type of cell walls appear red (or pink) after Gram staining procedure?
Gram (-)
25
What are the passive processes of bacterial cells crossing the cytoplasmic membrane?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis
26
What are the active processes of bacterial cells crossing the cytoplasmic membrane?
active transport and group translocation
27
During which active process are substances chemically modified during transport?
Group translocation
28
What is the function of the semipermeable membrane during osmosis?
allows movement of H2O but not solutes
29
T/F: while placed in an isotonic solution, cells without a cell wall will erupt.
False, this occurs in hypotonic solutions
30
T/F: while placed in a hypertonic solution, cells without a cell wall will shrivel.
True
31
What is the liquid portion of cytoplasm called?
cytosol
32
What are endospores?
unique structures produced by some bacteria as a defensive strategy against unfavorable conditions
33
T/F: prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S
False, 70S
34
What 2 subuntis compose prokaryotic ribosomes?
30S and 50S
35
T/F: Animals and most protozoan have cell walls.
False; most lack a cell wall.
36
T/F: Fungi, algae, plants and some protozoa lack cell walls.
False; these all have cell walls
37
What process involves physical manipulation of cytoplasmic membrane around cytoskeleton to form pseudopodia?
Endocytosis
38
What is phagocytosis?
solid imported into cell
39
What is pinocytosis?
liquid imported into the cell
40
What is the term for the process of exporting substances from the cell?
Exocytosis
41
Which ribosomes are larger, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
eukaryotic
42
T/F: Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.
True
43
What 2 sub-units compose eukaryotic ribosomes?
60S and 40S
44
What part of eukaryotes have 70S ribosomes?
chloroplasts and mitochondria
45
T/F: Eukaryotic cells can have more than one nucleus.
True
46
T/F: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nuclear envelope.
False
47
What kind of DNA can be found in the mitochondria of eukaryotes?
circular
48
What are the light harvesting structures found in eukaryotes?
chloroplast
49
T/F: some prokaryotes have chloroplast
False; all prokaryotes lack chloroplasts
50