Exam 1 Part 5

Question 1

What are the 3 eukaryotic microbes of clinical interest?

Answer 1

protozoa, fungi, and parasitic helminths

Question 2

T/F: Eukaryotes can reproduce either sexually or asexually. Some even do both.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: Protozoa typically lack a cell wall.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: Most protozoa are pathogens

Answer 4

False; very few are

Question 5

What kind of environment is required by protozoa?

Answer 5

moist environments

Question 6

How do most protozoa reproduce?

Answer 6

asexually

Question 7

T/F: all protozoa produce trophozoites.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T/F: all protozoa produce cysts

Answer 8

false; some do, but not all

Question 9

What do protozoa have that protect them from osmotic lysis?

Answer 9

contractile vacuoles

Question 10

T/F: 30% of fungi cause diseases of plants, animals and humans (mycoses)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the name given to the nonreproductive body of fungi?

Answer 11

thallus

Question 12

What long, branched, tubular filaments compose the thalli of molds?

Answer 12

hyphae

Question 13

What is the term applied to fungi that produce two types of thalli?

Answer 13

dimorphic

Question 14

What form of dimorphic fungi generally cause diseases?

Answer 14

yeast form

Question 15

What is the term for a tangled mass of hyphae (typically subterranean)?

Answer 15

mycelium

Question 16

T/F: all fungi have the ability to reproduce asexually.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: all fungi have the ability to reproduce sexually.

Answer 17

false, but most do.

Question 18

What is a pseudohypha?

Answer 18

a series of buds that remain attached to one another and to parent cell

Question 19

AIDS, common colds, hemorrhagic fevers, SARS, and smallpox are all caused by what type of pathogen?

Answer 19

viruses

Question 20

T/F: viruses can have either DNA or RNA.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the name for the protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid core of viruses?

Answer 21

capsid

Question 22

What outer structure do viruses have that encloses the nucelocapsids?

Answer 22

envelope

Question 23

Other than protection, what other function is provided by capsids and envelopes of viruses?

Answer 23

means of attachment to host’s cells

Question 24

When is the capsid of a virus removed?

Answer 24

once the virus is inside the host

Question 25

Once inside a host, how does a virus exist?

Answer 25

simply as nucleic acid

Question 26

T/F: viruses are always specific and infect only a particular kind of cell in a particular host.

Answer 26

False; some are generalists and infect many kinds of cells in many hosts

Question 27

What types of organisms are susceptible to viral attack?

Answer 27

ALL types

Question 28

What viral shape consists of capsids of many shapes?

Answer 28

complex

Question 29

What viral shape is spiral in nature?

Answer 29

helical

Question 30

What viral shape consists of a geodesic dome?

Answer 30

polyhedral

Question 31

What is a naked virion?

Answer 31

a virion without an envelope

Question 32

Where is the viral envelope acquired?

Answer 32

from host cell during replication

Question 33

What are the 3 main functions of the viral envelope?

Answer 33

protection, host recognition, and helping viruses enter host cells

Question 34

T/F: virus replication does not usually result in death of the host cell.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

T/F: viral replication is dependent on the hosts' organelles and enzymes to produce new virions.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is lysogeny?

Answer 36

a modified viral replication cycle

Question 37

What are prophages?

Answer 37

inactive phages

Question 38

What is it called when phages carry genes that alter phenotype of a bacterium? This can turn harmless bacterium to pathogen.

Answer 38

lysogenic conversion

Question 39

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

T/F: replication of animal viruses is the same basic replication pathway of bacteriophages.

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Do animal viruses have tails or tail fibers?

Answer 41

no

Question 42

What are the 3 mechanisms of Entry of Animal Viruses?

Answer 42

Direct penetration, membrane fusion and endocytosis

Question 43

What are viruses called when they remain dormant in host cells?

Answer 43

latent viruses or proviruses

Question 44

What parasitic particles are extremely small, circular pieces of RNA and lack capsids?

Answer 44

Viroids

Question 45

What type of organisms are infected by viroids?

Answer 45

plants

Question 46

What are viroidlike agents?

Answer 46

infectious, pathogenic RNA particles that lack capsids

Question 47

What organisms are infected by viroidlike agents?

Answer 47

fungi, NOT plants

Question 48

T/F: Prions lack nucleic acid

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What are the only two ways to destroy Prions?

Answer 49

incineration and autoclaving in sodium hydroxide

Question 50

Where is prion expression most predominant?

Answer 50

nervous system

Question 51

What is the characteristic appearance of prion diseases?

Answer 51

spongy appearance (large vacuoles in the brain)

Question 52

BSE, vCJD, and Kuru are all what kind of diseases?

Answer 52

Spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases)

Question 53

T/F: prions may lie behind neuronal degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and ALS.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What disease discussed in class is carried by the Asian tiger mosquito?

Answer 54

Chikungnya