Flashcards in Exam 1 Part 3 Deck (46)
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1
Who created the system of classifying organisms based on characteristics in common using binomial nomenclature?
Linnaeus
2
What is binomial nomenclature?
Genus species
3
Who proposed a taxonomic approach on five kingdoms? what were the 5?
Whittaker; animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, and prokaryotae
4
Who proposed three domains as determined by ribosomal nucleotide sequences (rRNA) and what were they?
Carl Woese; eukarya, bacteria, and archaea
5
What kingdom are helminths in?
animalia
6
The shortest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished by the observer as separate entities is known as what?
Resolution
7
Differences in intensity between two object, or between an object and background is know as what?
Contrast
8
T/F: contrast is important in determining resolution and is increased by staining.
True
9
T/F: gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain are all considered special stains.
False; these are differential stains
10
T/F:crystal violet, safranin, methylene blue, and malachite green are all considered special stains.
False; these are simple stains
11
Negative (capsule) stain and flagellar stain are both special stains.
True
12
What is the term used for a group of bacteria that do not have the typical peptidoglycan cell walls?
Mycobacteria
13
What makes mycobacteria resistant to decolorization by acids during staining?
a high waxy mycolic acid content in their cell walls
14
What is another name for mycobacteria?
acid-fast bacteria
15
During the technique of Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Staining, what are the two possible results?
red (acid-fast) or blue (non-acid-fast cells)
16
What are the 3 steps of the Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Stain?
Red primary stains, Decolorize with alcohol, and counterstain with methylene blue
17
Why do red acid-fast cells retain their red color during decorizing with alcohol?
the acid cannot penetrate the waxy wall
18
What are the three steps of the Schaeffer-Fulton Endospore Stain?
primary stain with malachite green, decolorize with water, and counterstain with safranin
19
What are the two results of Endospore staining?
green-stained endospores and red-colored vegetative cells
20
What are dichotomous keys?
seried of paired statements where only one of two 'either/or" choices applies to any particular organism
21
What flesh-eating reemerging disease caused by a Group A Streptococcus Gram (+) bacteria was discussed in class?
Necrotizing Fascitis
22
An increase in the size of a population of microbes is known as what?
growth
23
What is a colony?
aggregation of cells arising from a single parent cell
24
What is a biofilm?
collection of microbes in a complex community
25
T/F: Bacteria and Archaea can be considered photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs.
False; bacteria and archaea are not included in chempheterotrophs (might want to look over slide 68)
26
T/F: Microorganisms vary widely in their oxygen requirements for growth.
True
27
What is the most important factor (generally) affecting growth?
temperature
28
T/F: Psychrophillic organisms prefer high temps.
False, they prefer cold (crazy people like the cold)
29
T/F: Mesophilic organisms prefer moderate temperatures.
True (M for middle)
30
